Objectives:Alterations in the temporomandibular complex can reflect in adaptations of the individual's entire muscular system, intervening with the head position and scapular waist, developing postural alterations and modifying all corporal biomechanics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the head position (HP) and head postural alterations before and after installation of occlusal splints.Material and Methods:Twenty patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) underwent clinical and postural examination, before the installation of an occlusal splint, and after 1 week and 1 month of use.Results:There were statistically differences for HP, between the initial values and after 1 week of use of the occlusal device (p= 0.048) and also between 1 week and 1 month of evaluation (p= 0.001). Decrease of the painful symptomatology and maintenance of the rectification were also observed.Conclusions:The individual's postural position can suffer biomechanical alterations due to stomatognathic alterations, causing clinically visible changes in dysfunctional individuals and affecting the performance of the involved structures.

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Introduction: Proprioception is a term used to describe all the neural information originated from the proprioceptors of the joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments and capsules, which is sent via afferent pathways to the central nervous system. EMG is the study of muscle function through the investigation of the electrical signal emanated from the muscle and it is also the study of the motor unit activity. Objective: To perform electromyographic analysis of the rectus femoris (RF) and tibialis anterior (TA) in different proprioceptive exercises (disc Freeman and rocker) with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). Methods: The analysis was conducted with 10 physically active male subjects, in a collection time of 10 seconds on each device with eyes both open and closed. Results: Thus, according to our findings, significant difference is observed when the proprioceptive exercises are performed with eyes open and closed, obtaining higher muscle activation, according to the electromyographic analysis, in the exercises with eyes closed, highlighting the importance of the visual system and how it interferes in the body's position when it is subjected to balance changes caused by the studied devices. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the rectus femoris muscle did not show evident significant differences between the rocker and Freeman disc, as well as when the exercise was performed with eyes open or closed. The significant difference occurred was between the EO and EC Rocker and between Rocker EO and disk Freeman EC. Since the tibialis anterior muscle showed greater differences, especially with eyes closed, regardless of the device, which showed no significant differences between them.

RESUMOIntrodução: alterações funcionais do complexo temporomandibular podem refletir em adaptações no sistema muscular do indivíduo, interferindo com a postura mandibular e conseqüentemente com a posição da cabeça e da cintura escapular, modificando a biomecânica corporal. Objetivo: avaliar as alterações posturais da cabeça e ombros, bem como o lado de contato prematuro e de preferência mastigatória, em pacientes com disfunção temporomandibular, antes e após o uso de placa oclusal. Materiais e Métodos: um exame clínico (intra e extra-oral) e físico foi realizado em 20 pacientes com a disfunção, antes, uma semana e um mês após o uso de um dispositivo oclusal. Resultados: os resultados demonstraram uma redução da sintomatologia dolorosa e alteração do lado de inclinação da cabeça. Conclusão: pode-se concluir que existe uma inter-relação entre a oclusão e a postura do indivíduo que pode sofrer alterações no seu funcionamento decorrente de modificações estomatognáticas. Palavras-chave: Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular, Postura, Dor.ABSTRACT Introduction: an altered function in temporomandibular complex can reflect in adaptations for the muscular device of the individual, intervening with the mandibular position and consequently with head and scapular waist posture, modifying the corporal biomechanics. Purpose: evaluated the postural alterations of skull and shoulders as well the contact premature side and masticatory preference side, in patients with Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD), before and after an occlusal splint insertion. Materials and Methods: Clinical (intra and extra-oral) and physical examinations were done in 20 patients with dysfunction, before, one week and one month after myorelaxant occlusal splint instalation. Results: the results showed reductions in pain symptoms and alteration of the side of head inclination. Conclusion: it can be concluded that exists an interrelation between occlusion and the postural position of the individual that can suffer alterations in its operation decurrently from stomatognathic modifications.

ResumoNeste estudo foram analisadas por meio da dissecação a origem e distribuição do nervo supra-escapular em 30 fetos de bovinos azebuados. As peças foram ¿ xadas em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10%, mediante diferentes pontos de injeções subcutâneas, intravenosa, intramusculares e intracavitárias e, em seguida, foi feita a imersão em recipientes com a mesma solução. O nervo supra-escapular apresentou simetria em relação à sua origem em 30 animais (100%) e originou-se em 56 antímeros (93,34%) de C6 e C7 (47,67% à direita e 47,67% à esquerda), em quatro antímeros (6,66%) de C6, C7 e C8 (3,33% à direita e 3,33% à esquerda) e cedeu ramos para os músculos supra-espinhal e infra-espinhal em 100% dos casos. Não houve diferença signi¿ cativa entre a frequência dos ramos musculares cedidos pelo referido nervo para os antímeros direito e esquerdo e ainda em relação ao sexo dos fetos na presente investigação. Palavras-chave: Nervos espinhais, Plexo braquial, Sistema nervoso AbstractOrigin and distribution of the suprascapularis nerve in zebu-crossed bovine fetuses. This study, performed through means of dissection process, looked at the origin and distribution of the suprascapular nerve

ResumoEstudou-se um par de rins de cachorro do mato (Cerdocyon thous), obtido de um animal fêmea, adulto, no qual foram injetados através das artérias renais, vinylite dissolvido em acetona e corado, em seguida submetidos ao processo de corrosão ácida (ácido sulfúrico 30%). Os modelos vasculares assim obtidos permitem afirmar que: a) as artérias setoriais, ramos da divisão primária das artérias renais, aparecem em número de dois, tanto no rim direito como no rim esquerdo. b) no rim direito, a artéria renal direita emite uma a artéria setorial cranial que supre a região dorsocranial do órgão. Uma artéria setorial caudal surge da artéria renal direita para irrigar as regiões, dorsocaudal, ventrocaudal e ventrocranial deste rim. c) do rim esquerdo, a artéria renal esquerda fornece uma artéria setorial dorsal, que atende a região dorsocranial

ABSTRACT:The origin and distribution of the brachial plexus in wild boar (Sus scrofa), a mammal belonging to the Suidae family were studied. Twelve specimens of wild boar, which were fixed in 10% formalin solution through different points of subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, and intracavitary injections, following by immersing the specimens in the same solution were used. In present study, the brachial plexus of wild boar was a set of nerve fibers formed by the ventral branches from the fifth (C5) to eighth (C8) cervical and the first (T1) thoracic spinal nerves. The subclavian nerve was originated from C5, while the suprascapular nerve had its origin from C5 to C7. The cranial and caudal subscapular nerves were predominantly originated from C6 and C7, as well was the axillary nerve. The origin of the cranial and caudal pectoral nerves was from C7-C8 and C8-T1, respectively. The musculocutaneous nerve was mostly originated from C6 and C7, while the median and radial nerves had origin from C7 to T1. The origin of the ulnar, thoracodorsal, and lateral thoracic nerves was mostly from C8 and T1, while the long thoracic nerve was predominantly originated from C7 and C8. All nerves were responsible for the innervation of scapular girdle structures, arm, forearm, thorax and abdomen. In conclusion, the origin and distribution of the brachial plexus nerves in wild boar (Sus scrofa) are similar to domestic swine rather than to other wild species described in the literature.

Objective: To evaluate the maximum bite force (MBF) in subjects with and without Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD), in threedifferent positions (sitting, lying and standing). Methods: The sample consisted of 60 individuals, aged between 19 and 35 years,who were divided into two groups: with TMD (n = 30) and without TMD (n = 30). First, the RDC/TMD questionnaire was applied and,after diagnosis, all of the subjects selected were submitted to the measurement of MBF, on each side (right and left), in three differentpositions (sitting, lying and standing), by means of a digital gnatodynamometer. Results: No significant difference in mean MBF was foundbetween the two groups; however, the mean MBF for the subjects, comparing the same side and different positions, was significantlydifferent, being smaller when the individual was lying down. Conclusions: According to the results, it was concluded that the MBF isinfluenced by the change of position.