Available online xxxKeywords: Carbon dioxide utilisation Process modelling Conceptual design Formic acid synthesis Hydrogen carrier Storage of renewable electricity a b s t r a c tThe future of carbon dioxide utilisation (CDU) processes, depend on (i) the future demand of synthesised products with CO 2 , (ii) the availability of captured and anthropogenic CO 2 , (iii) the overall CO 2 not emitted because of the use of the CDU process, and (iv) the economics of the plant. The current work analyses the mentioned statements through different technological, economic and environmental key performance indicators to produce formic acid from CO 2 , along with their potential use and penetration in the European context. Formic acid is a well-known chemical that has potential as hydrogen carrier and as fuel for fuel cells.This work utilises process flow modelling, with simulations developed in CHEMCAD, to obtain the energy and mass balances, and the purchase equipment cost of the formic acid plant. Through a financial analysis, with the net present value as selected metric, the price of the tonne of formic acid and of CO 2 are varied to make the CDU project financially feasible. According to our research, the process saves CO 2 emissions when compared to its corresponding conventional process, under specific conditions. The success or effectiveness of the CDU process will also depend on other technologies and/or developments, like the availability of renewable electricity and steam.

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Experiments are described which demonstrate that dantrolene sodium effectively terminates the syndrome of malignant hyperpyrexia induced in susceptible swine by exposure to halothane. Dantrolene is also shown to block initiation of the syndrome of malignant hyperpyrexia by halothane in MHS swine. Therapeutic use of this drug in patients with anaesthetic-induced malignant hyperpyrexia appears to be indicated.

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