Objective: To describe the technique and findings of the 'veterinary focused assessment with sonography for trauma-airway, breathing, circulation, disability and exposure' protocol in dogs suffering from trauma. Materials and MethOds: Prospective observational study on a new point-of-care ultrasound protocol on 64 dogs suffering from trauma and comparison of findings with radiology. results: Comparison of the results of this new ultrasound protocol for trauma patients with radiography findings for pneumothorax, pleural effusion, alveolar-interstitial syndrome and abdominal effusion revealed positive agreement of 89, 83, 100 and 87% and negative agreement of 76, 83, 76 and 92%, respectively. Novel findings of the 'veterinary focused assessment with sonography for trauma-airway, breathing, circulation, disability and exposure' exam, which were not previously reported for dogs undergoing focused assessment with sonography for trauma, included alveolar-interstitial syndrome (suggestive of pulmonary contusions), diaphragmatic hernia, retroperitoneal effusion and tracheal injury. Our new technique may also help identify increased intracranial pressure via changes in optic nerve sheath diameter and haemodynamic instability through the evaluation of the caudal vena cava and cardiac function.clinical significance: The described ultrasound examination protocol can be rapidly performed during resuscitation on dogs suffering from trauma and it may detect injuries previously undetectable using other veterinary point-of-care ultrasound protocols.
Twenty-one cats and six dogs that presented to a first-opinion clinic with signs of dyspnea and muffled cardiac auscultation received ultrasonography to look for signs of diaphragmatic rupture. The presence or absence of diaphragmatic rupture was subsequently determined on the basis of unequivocal radiographic signs, surgical findings, or necropsy. Consistent findings in animals with diaphragmatic rupture were irregular or asymmetric cranial aspect of the liver and abdominal viscera in the thorax. Accuracy of ultrasonography was 25/27 (93%). One false-negative result occurred in a cat with a chronic diaphragmatic rupture in which adhesions between the liver and lung simulated the appearance of an intact diaphragm. One false-positive result occurred in a dog with an abscess involving the left lung and pleural cavity, which was misinterpreted as the stomach. The results of this study support use of ultrasonography in animals with suspected diaphragmatic rupture.
Capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) are South American ("New World") primates. They are commonly used for medical and behavioral research and are also targets of species rescue programs. Therefore, veterinary medical evaluation of these monkeys occurs commonly.Abdominal ultrasound is a widely used, inexpensive, safe, noninvasive method for anatomical evaluation of the abdominal organs.In Capuchin monkeys, previous studies of abdominal ultrasound determined the normal anatomy and physiology, but not all organs were evaluated. In one study, 1 abdominal ultrasonography was found useful in assessing anatomic morphology and physiology of the female reproductive tract. In another study, 2 investigators examined multiple abdominal organs of ten monkeys, but failed to provide all data.In a third study, 3 investigators examined ten monkeys only to standardize the gastric wall morphology (thickening and stratigraphy).Therefore, we sought to determine the normal ultrasonographic appearance and measurements of all the abdominal organs and structures of interest that can be routinely detected by ultrasound examination. | MATERIAL S AND ME THODSTwelve monkeys were enrolled (seven females and five males). The animals were housed at National Research Centre (CNR) where they are involved in behavioral studies. The animals, aging from 6 and 19 years and weighing from 1.18 to 3.78 kg, were considered healthy on the basis of history, Abstract Background: Previous ultrasonographic studies of Sapajus apella to determine the normal anatomy and physiology are incomplete. The aim of this study was to determine normal ultrasonographic appearance and measurements of all abdominal organs and structures of interest. Methods: Twelve adult monkeys were recruited considered healthy on the basis of history, physical examination, and general blood work. To avoid additional anesthesia, the ultrasonographic examinations were performed during routine screening, annually scheduled by the Unit of Cognitive Primatology & Primate Center, CNR-Rome, where the animals were housed. Ultrasound data were processed offline by two experienced ultrasonographers.Results: Topography, morphology and echostructure were described for almost all organs and descriptive statistics were provided.
Recent literature has demonstrated that high-resolution ultrasonographic anatomy of the canine carpus is possible; however, only the structures of the dorsal face were described. The aims of this prospective study were: (1) to describe the normal ultrasonographic appearance of the carpal tendons in sporting Border Collies; (2) to measure the height, length, and thickness of the tendon at the radial ulnar notch level in order to create a baseline reference for the breed, and (3) to describe a standardised protocol to ultrasonographically evaluate the carpal faces and visible tendinous structures. A pilot study based on ten cadaveric front limbs was used to identify the structures. A subsequent clinical phase of the study using twenty-six Border Collies was recorded. The tendons of the Extensor Carpi Radialis, Extensor Digitorum Communis, andExtensor Digitorum Lateraliswere identified and followed from the tenomuscular junction to the distal insertion on the dorsal face of the digits. On the lateral face, the tendon of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris was recognised and followed. On the palmar face, the two heads of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris tendon ending on the accessory carpal bone, the adjacent Flexor Digitorum Superficialis tendon, and the deep and medially located Flexor Digitorum Profundus tendon were seen and followed. The Flexor Carpi Radialis and the Abductor Pollicis Longus tendons were seen in the medial carpal face. The ulnar notch of the radius was used as the measurement and starting point of the ultrasonography. These data could be used as a standard reference in the case of chronic overuse and trauma-induced changes in the canine carpus.
Abstract. This study presents a case of a canine thymolipoma, which is a rare, slow-growing, benign tumor of the thymus composed of mature adipose tissue and thymic tissue. A 9-year-old spayed, female miniature pinscher presented with chronic cough and dyspnoea. Radiology revealed pleural effusion and a mediastinal mass with a fatty appearance. The mass was attached to, and silhouetted, the adjacent pericardium. Microscopically, the mass was composed of adipose tissue with numerous cords and nests of thymic tissue without corticomedullary arrangement. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of this uncommon neoplasm in a dog. The gross and histological findings are similar to those described for thymolipomas in humans. The possible histogenesis for this neoplasia in a dog is also discussed.
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