Objective: To study the influence of human papillomavirus (HPV) virions present in different sperm fractions of male partners of women undergoing IUI on fertility outcome. Design: Prospective noninterventional multicenter study. Setting: Inpatient hospital fertility centers. Patient(s): Seven hundred thirty-two infertile couples undergoing 1,753 IUI cycles with capacitated sperm. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Biochemical and clinical pregnancy rate in IUI cycles with HPV-positive or HPV-negative semen. Result(s): Five hundred seventy-three infertile couples undergoing 1,362 IUI cycles were enrolled. Work-up of the 1,362 sperm samples that were used for IUI generated 3,444 separate sperm fractions. Each of the sperm fractions was tested with quantitative polymerase chain reaction for 18 different HPV types (
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