In response to unusual crow die‐offs from avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection during January‐February 2017 in Dhaka, Bangladesh, a One Health team assessed potential infection risks in live bird markets (LBMs). Evidence of aerosolized avian influenza A viruses was detected in LBMs and in the respiratory tracts of market workers, indicating exposure and potential for infection. This study highlighted the importance of surveillance platforms with a coordinated One Health strategy to investigate and mitigate zoonotic risk.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious viral disease of the chicken. It is possibly the most economically important viral respiratory disease of chicken after Avian Influenza and Newcastle disease. The virus also affects the female reproductive tract, causing poor quality of egg and loss of egg production. The study was conducted in four types of chicken (broiler, layer, sonali and Deshi) from 7 sub-districts under 4 districts of Bangladesh. Total 833 blood samples from 103 farms were collected and subjected to indirect ELISA test by commercially available IBV ELISA kits to detect specific antibodies against IBV. In overall 59.30% seroprevalence observed, 23.82% was found in broiler, 97.87% in layer, 71.83% in sonali and 83.46% in Deshi types of chickens. Broiler samples showed lowest seroprevalence with high CV (CV%=171.38), among them 76.18% were not seroconvert because of high maternal antibody or poor vaccine response. Layers showed highest seroprevalence with CV% 58.86 that is 18.00% chickens shows titer above 14000 which indicated field infection. Deshi chickens were not commercially vaccinated even though they had high seroprevalence rates 83.46% with mean titer 5333 and CV% 79.88, indicating that IBV is circulating as endemic diseases in the selected areas. Sonali chickens now reared as commercial chicken, have lower seroprevalence rates with mean titer 3160, CV% 128.39 indicating that these birds were not properly vaccinated as they required. To prevent the flocks from IBV, live and attenuated vaccination is required according to circulating strains.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2018, 4(1): 132-136

not availableJahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 6(1): 45-49, 2017 (June)

Background: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an endemic disease of cloven-hoofed animals in Bangladesh and multiple outbreaks occur every  year because of the FMD virus (FMDV).Aim: The aim of the present investigation was to determine the molecular characterization of the VP1 coding region of FMDV serotype O outbreak in cattle.Methods: A total of four tongue epithelial specimens were collected from clinically FMD-positive cattle during June 2018 in Manikgonj district of Bangladesh.Results: All four isolates were recorded positive for FMDV serotype O. The phylogenetic analysis showed that two isolates were clustered within an emerging novel sublineage Ind2001BD1 under lineage Ind2001 of FMDV serotype O, which was identified during 2012–2016 in Bangladesh. One isolate was clustered within the lineage PanAsia of FMDV serotype O and was closely related to an isolate identified in Nepal in 2009. The  phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that all the four isolates belong to the Middle East–South Asia topotype.Conclusion: Therefore, multiple lineages of the FMDV serotype O are circulating among the cattle in the outbreak area, which make it more complex for the FMD control program in Bangladesh. A comprehensive study on the genetic characteristics of FMDV across the country is required for effective FMD prevention and control strategy. Keywords: Cattle, Foot-and-mouth disease, Ind2001BD1, Lineage, PanAsia.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease associated with high morbidity and mortality in goats of Bangladesh. Though there is no known effective drug against PPR virus, Animal Health Research Division (AHRD), Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) has developed a treatment technology “antibiotic combined hyperimmune serum therapy (ACHST)” against the deadly PPR virus. This article described the management of a huge outbreak of PPR by ACHST at goat farm of BLRI regional station, Naikhongchari, Bandarban, a hilly area of Bangladesh. Seventy two goats out of 159 goats were infected with PPR virus naturally. The clinical history and necropsy findings were recorded and nasal swabs were collected for diagnosis of PPR virus by RT-PCR. Thirty goats among 72 goats were died before providing treatment and the rest alive 42 goats were received ACHST. Each of the goats was treated with PPR specific hyperimmune serum @ 4-5ml/goat slow IV for once, Amcicoli-D (Ampicillin trihydrate, Colistin sulfate and Dexamethasone acetate) @ 1ml/10kg body weight daily IM once for 3 days and metronidazole @ 500mg/35kg body weight orally thrice daily for 3 days. After treatment, 38 goats (93.23%) were recovered out of 42 goats. The comparative evaluation of ACHST at different stages of naturally PPR infected goat’s shown highest recovery rate in incubation (100%) and prodromal (100%) phases followed by pneumonic (91.67%) and diarrhoeal (81.25%) phases. It may be concluded that the ACHST could be used as therapeutic interventions for PPR infected goats.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(2): 230-234