Genotype × environment (G × E) interaction analysis was investigated on grain yield of 20 winter wheat genotypes grown in 24 environments in cold winter areas of Iran during 3 yr. Cluster and biplot analyses were applied to separate testing environments into groups with the same top‐yielding genotypes. Environment followed by G × E interaction effects accounted for the greatest proportion of the variability of grain yield of winter wheat genotypes. Cluster analysis divided both genotypes and environments into three groups, which accounted for 64.4% of the G × E sum of squares (SS). Biplot analysis confirmed the classification analysis and showed that different environment groups tend to discriminate genotype groups in dissimilar fashions. The genotype group G‐I with the highest yielding performance had the best adaptation to environment groups with the highest (E‐I) and the lowest (E‐III) yield potential. Genotype group G‐II was adapted to environment group E‐II with average yield potential, while the genotype group G‐III appeared to have the poorest adaptation to environment groups. The environmental PC1 leads to noncrossover G × E interactions, while PC2 represents a disproportional genotype response across locations, explaining crossover G × E interactions. The testing environments involved in E‐I and E‐III with large PC1 scores and low PC2 scores were the best for genotype discrimination. Results show that the highest yielding genotypes G4, G10, and G17 with the lowest changes in grain yields across environments were the most stable and are consequently good candidates for commercial release in cold winter areas of Iran.
PURPOSE:To evaluate the bone repair process in ovariohysterectomized rabbit submitted to an ovarian transplant to stomach that may supplying some quantity of estrogen occurs to improve bone healing.
METHODS:In 20 female rabbits three holes of 1, 2 and 3mm diameter in tibial shaft were made and after that all animals received OHE through a ventral incision and they were randomly divided into two groups of ten rabbits each. In group one, animals received one of their self-ovaries that transplanted on serosal layer of stomach and group two did not receive treatment. Animals were kept during bone healing for a period of 45 days and radiological, biochemical, biomechanical and histopathological evaluation.
RESULTS:The tibial defects in group one healed completely after 45 days and had more callous than second group. There is significant difference between two groups after operation in 21, 28 and 35 days about estrogen, progesterone and phosphatase Alkaline. The maximum forces in group one, were significantly higher than that for the group two.
CONCLUSION:Ovarian transplantation prevents the effects of ovariohysterectomized on bone healing of rabbit tibia, suggesting that unilateral transplanted ovaries can substitute for the action of ovaries on the skeleton in ovariohysterectomized animals.
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