Background Measuring patient satisfaction has become an important parameter of the continuous quality assessment and improvement in anaesthesia services. The aim of this study was to assess the level of patient satisfaction with perioperative anaesthesia care and to determine the factors that influence satisfaction. Method This study is an cross sectional design, conducted on 470 patients who underwent different types of surgeries at two National Referral Hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea between January and March of 2018. Patients were interviewed 24 h after the operation using a Tigrigna translated Leiden Perioperative Care Patient Satisfaction questionnaire (LPPSq). Descriptive and inferential analysis were made using SPSS (version 22). Statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results The overall satisfaction score was 68.8%. Less fear and concern was observed among patients with satisfaction scores of 87.5%. Staff-patient relationship satisfaction score was 75%. Patients were least satisfied with information provision (45%). Multivariable analysis revealed that satisfaction of patients who did surgery at Halibet hospital is significantly higher (p < 0.001) than those patients who did at Orotta hospital. Moreover, those patients who did elective surgery had higher level of satisfaction that those who did emergency surgery (p < 0.001). Conclusion Moderate level of satisfaction was observed among the patients. Generally, the study emphasized that the information provision about anesthesia and surgery was low. Patients described better staff-patient relationship and low fear and concern related to anesthesia and surgery was observed.

Background Adequate knowledge and positive attitude toward menopause are important for women to tackle changes related to menopause. Even though all women experience menopause at some stage in their life, teachers face more difficulties more than other female employees due to the nature of their roles do. In Eritrea, menopause has been given little attention hence gaps exist concerning women’s knowledge, attitude, and the effects of health education on the same subject. This study aimed at assessing the effect of health education on knowledge and attitude of menopause among middle-aged teachers in elementary, junior, and secondary schools of Asmara, Eritrea. Method A semi-experimental design with pre-intervention, immediate post-intervention, and three-month follow up test was used in this study. The data was collected from 99 middle age teachers using stratified random sampling. The intervention was done using lectures, group discussions, brochures, and handouts. Data on socio-demographics, knowledge, and attitude was collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. The effect of educational training at the three-time points was evaluated by repeated measure ANOVA using SPSS version 22. Results The mean scores of correct knowledge at pre-intervention, immediate post-intervention, and 3-months follow-up were 12.3/22 (SD = 3.06), 17.3/22 (SD = 3.21), and 16.5/22 (SD = 2.52) respectively. A significant difference in scores of knowledge at the three-time points was observed due to the educational intervention with a statistical significance of (p <  0.0001). Post-hoc analysis revealed that knowledge score immediately after intervention was significantly greater than that of pre-intervention (p <  0.0001), and 3-months follow-up (p = 0.004). The mean scores of attitude at the three-time points were 27.9/45 (SD = 5.14), 28.3/45(SD = 5.25), 28.32/45(SD = 5.12). The educational intervention had brought a change in the mean scores of attitude at the three-time point with a statistical significance of (p < 0.0001). Post-hoc analysis revealed that attitude scores at immediate post-intervention were also significant (p = 0.001) with the 3-months follow up at (p < 0.0001) were higher than that of pre-intervention. Conclusion The structured educational intervention was beneficial to the studied women in intensifying their knowledge and tuning them toward a positive attitude. Hence, proper health education programs regarding menopause are strongly recommended.

Background. Postoperative undesirable anesthesia outcomes are common among patients undergoing surgery. They may affect body systems and lead into more serious postoperative problems. This research is conducted in the Eritrean National Referral Hospitals with the aim of assessing the prevalence of undesirable anesthesia outcomes during the postoperative period. Method. A cross-sectional study design was applied on 470 patients who underwent different types of surgeries within a three-month period. Patients were interviewed 24 hours after operation (POD 1) using the Leiden Perioperative care Patient Satisfaction questionnaire (LPPSq). This study reports one component of a large study conducted. The dimension “Discomfort and needs” of the LPPSq was considered, and the measurements of that dimension are presented in this report. Items of the dimension were standardized and measured using a five-point Likert scale from “Not at all” to “Extremely.” Multivariable logistic regression was used to look for the association of the outcomes with the types of surgery and types of anesthesia using SPSS (Version 22). Results. The prevalence were computed in two manners, prevalence of those with ‘at least a little bit’ outcomes, which was computed to see the total occurrence of these outcomes, and prevalence of those having ‘more than moderate’ outcomes to see the severe experience of these outcomes. Prevalence of the predominant undesirable outcome, postoperative pain, for ‘at least a little bit’ and ‘more than moderate’ were 82.6% and 43.6%, respectively. The rest of the postoperative undesirable outcomes were less frequently reported. Conclusion. Postoperative pain was found to be the most prevalent undesirable outcome. Enhancement of proper assessment and management of postoperative pain through the development and implementation of specific pain management modalities is needed.

Background. Middle age is a period in women’s life where many changes occur in their bodies due to the decline of gonadotropins. As a result, they face various vasomotor, psychological, and somatic symptoms. Moreover, chronic illness such as diabetes, hypertension, heart diseases, and osteoporosis are prevalent at this time. Healthy nutrition and physical activity are effective factors to reduce the problems of menopause faced during middle age. Objective. This study aimed at assessing the effect of health education on healthy nutrition and physical activity among 40–60-year-old female teachers in elementary, junior, and secondary schools of Asmara. Method. A quasiexperimental design was used in this study. The data were collected from 99 middle-age female teachers who were selected by stratified random sampling. The intervention was conducted using lecture, brochure, and group discussion for a total of 3 hours. Data on physical activity and healthy nutrition were collecting using HPLP- II subscales physical activity and nutrition. Sociodemographic data were collected using a predesigned questionnaire. The effect of educational training at preintervention and postintervention was evaluated by the paired t-test and factorial mixed ANOVA using SPSS (version 22). Results. The mean score of practicing healthy diet and physical activity at preintervention and postintervention was 27/44 (SD = 4.20) and 31/44 (SD = 5.36), respectively. A significant difference in the scores of practicing healthy diet and physical activity was observed after the educational intervention (MD = 4.06, 95% CI 2.95–5.17, p<0.0001). The effectiveness of health education was seen across the categories of age, educational level, and occupational level where none of them showed significant interaction, displaying similar effect of educational intervention across all categories of the demographic variables. Conclusion. The structured educational intervention was beneficial for the studied women in changing their practice on healthy nutrition and physical activity.

Background: Perioperative undesirable anesthesia outcomes are common among patients undergoing surgery. They may affect body systems and lead into more serious intraoperative and postoperative problems. This research is conducted in the Eritrean National Referral Hospitals with the aim of assessing the prevalence of undesirable anesthesia outcomes during the perioperative period. Method: A cross sectional study design was applied on 470 patient who underwent different types of surgeries with in a three month period. Patients were interviewed 24 hours after operation using the Leiden preoperative care patient satisfaction questionnaire (LPPSq). This study reports one component of a large study conducted. The dimension “Discomfort and needs” of the LPPSq was considered and the measurement of that dimension are presented in this report. Items of the dimension were standardized and measured using a five point Likert scale from “Not at all” to “Extremely”. Multivariable logistic regression was used to look for the association of the outcomes with the types of surgery and types of anesthesia using SPSS (Version 22). Statistical significance level was set at p< 0.05. Results: The prevalence of undesirable anesthesia outcomes were computed in two manners; prevalence of those with ‘at least a little bit’ outcomes which was computed to see the total occurrence of these outcomes and prevalence of those having ‘more than moderate’ outcomes to see the severe experience of these outcomes. Prevalence of the predominant undesirable outcome, post-operative pain, for ‘at least a little bit’ and ‘more than moderate’ were 82.6% and 43.6% respectively. The rest post-operative undesirable outcomes were less frequently reported. Conclusion: Postoperative pain was found to be the most prevalent undesirable outcome. Enhancement of the proper assessment and management of postoperative pain through the development and implementation of specific pain management modalities is needed. Local guidelines should also be available in these settings for the treatment of acute postoperative pain or other outcomes. Keywords: Leiden preoperative care patient satisfaction questionnaire (LPPSq), Perioperative care, Surgery, Undesirable anesthesia outcomes.

Background: Perioperative undesirable anesthesia outcomes are common among patients undergoing surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of undesirable anaesthesia outcomes during the perioperative period. Method: This cross sectional study was conducted on 470 patient who underwent different types of surgeries at two National Referral Hospitals with in a three month period. Patients were interviewed 24 hours after operation using the dimension “Discomfort and needs” of the Leiden preoperative care patient satisfaction questionnaire (LPPSq). Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS (version 22) to compute the percentage of occurrence of these undesirable outcomes. Odds ratio was computed using logistic regression to look for the association of the outcomes with the type of surgery and type of anesthesia. Statistical significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of these outcomes was computed in two sequences; prevalence A and prevalence B. Of all the outcomes, post-operative pain was found to be the most prevalent outcome scoring 82.6% and 43.6% consecutively in both prevalence with a median score of 1. The rest of the post-operative side effects were less frequently reported with a median score of 0. In those who did general surgery, sore throat was observed 5.49 times more among those who took general anesthesia (p <0.001). The occurrence of nausea and vomiting was also higher among the same patients in which nausea occurred 1.74 times more (p<0.05) and vomiting 2.03 more (p<0.05). While back pain occurred 51% less among these patients (p <0.05). In those patients who had orthopedic surgeries significant differences was observed only in the occurrences of sore throat in which it was experienced 5.37 times more (p<0.01) by those patients who took general anaesthesia. While in those patients who did gyn/obs surgery, the occurrence of back pain was significant in which was 67% higher among those who took general anaesthesia Conclusion: The experience of undesirable anesthesia outcomes is generally low except for postoperative pain. More emphasis is needed on the management of postoperative pain. Keywords: Leiden preoperative care patient satisfaction questionnaire (LPPSq), Perioperative care, Surgery, Undesirable anesthesia outcomes.

Background: The period of adolescence that is between 10 and 19 years of age is the time which largely shapes the future life of boys and girls. Adolescent girls are more likely to experiment sexual practice before they have knowledge of its subsequent consequences. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of training on the knowledge and attitude of female adolescent students towards reproductive health and emergency contraceptives.Methods: A school based single group pre-post quasi-experimental study design was employed in four secondary schools in Asmara on 140 female students. Trained data collectors during the pre-test, immediate post-test and three months later used a predesigned and pretested questionnaire to collect data regarding the knowledge and attitude via interview. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to make comparisons in knowledge and attitude scores using SPSS (Version 22).Results: Of all the study participants, a quarter (30.0 %) have heard of the methods of emergency contraceptives at the initial assessment. After training, three quarter (75.7%) of the students were able to have the correct knowledge. Life skill teachers at the school (57.9%) were mentioned as the primary source of information regarding reproductive health. The health education provided to adolescent females resulted in a significant increase on the mean scores of their knowledge from 6.57/13 (SD=2.08) pre intervention to 9.26/13 (SD=2.14) immediate post intervention. However, the score declined significantly (p <0.001) from immediate after intervention to 3 months’ follow-up by 0.80. Although the score declined, knowledge at 3 months’ follow-up was still significantly greater than that of pre-intervention (p<0.0001). The percentage of participants who believe a girl should carry emergency contraceptives in her bag significantly improved from 52.3% to 86.2% after intervention. The mean (SD) scores of attitude towards reproductive health significantly increased at three time periods. Mean (SD) scores at time 1 (pre-intervention), time 2 (immediate post) and time 3 (three-month follow-up) were 48.98 (4.68), 51.03 (4.04), and 49.65 (4.01) out of 69 respectively. Attitude score was significantly higher at immediate post intervention than pre-intervention (p<0.001) and immediate post intervention than 3 months’ follow-up (p=0.001), but no significant difference existed between 3 months’ follow-up and pre-intervention (p=0.395). Conclusion: This research has yielded a valuable evidence that educational intervention can bring a significant increase in the knowledge and in introducing positive attitude towards reproductive health and usage of emergency contraceptives among adolescents. Reproductive health education with special emphasis on contraceptives should be part of the structured school curriculum to reach all students in the country with schools playing a leading role in coordinating the efforts of awareness creation.

Background: Perioperative undesirable anesthesia outcomes are common among patients undergoing surgery. They may affect body systems and lead into more serious intraoperative and postoperative problems. This research is conducted in the Eritrean National Referral Hospitals with the aim of assessing the prevalence of undesirable anesthesia outcomes during the perioperative period. Method: A cross sectional study design was applied on 470 patient who underwent different types of surgeries with in a three month period. Patients were interviewed 24 hours after operation using the Leiden preoperative care patient satisfaction questionnaire (LPPSq). This study reports one component of a large study conducted. The dimension “Discomfort and needs” of the LPPSq was considered and the measurement of that dimension are presented in this report. Items of the dimension were standardized and measured using a five point Likert scale from “Not at all” to “Extremely”. Multivariable logistic regression was used to look for the association of the outcomes with the types of surgery and types of anesthesia using SPSS (Version 22). Statistical significance level was set at p< 0.05. Results: The prevalence of undesirable anesthesia outcomes were computed in two manners; prevalence of those with ‘at least a little bit’ outcomes which was computed to see the total occurrence of these outcomes and prevalence of those having ‘more than moderate’ outcomes to see the severe experience of these outcomes. Prevalence of the predominant undesirable outcome, post-operative pain, for ‘at least a little bit’ and ‘more than moderate’ were 82.6% and 43.6% respectively. The rest post-operative undesirable outcomes were less frequently reported. Conclusion: Postoperative pain was found to be the most prevalent undesirable outcome. Enhancement of the proper assessment and management of postoperative pain through the development and implementation of specific pain management modalities is needed. Local guidelines should also be available in these settings for the treatment of acute postoperative pain or other outcomes. Keywords: Leiden preoperative care patient satisfaction questionnaire (LPPSq), Perioperative care, Surgery, Undesirable anesthesia outcomes.