Knowing the particularities of the vegetable plants' seeds is of particular practical importance, because on their basis the conditioning technologies are realized and the cultivation technologies are managed both in the field and in the protected spaces. Seed quality is a relative notion due to the fact that the seeds of some species may have different destinations: food or feed consumption, sowing or industrialization. The production and quality of any agricultural crop is determined both by the factors that act from the time of sowing to the harvesting, as well as by those that directly influence the seeds before sowing. Quality seeds are the basic block of the vegetable production system. Proper processing after seed harvesting is important to maximize the yield, longevity, vigour and overall quality. Based on these considerations, the theoretical and experimental information on the influence of some factors on the aerodynamic properties of vegetable seeds will be presented. In order to highlight these influences, experiments with various seeds will be carried out on a seed conditioning module for vegetable species-MCSL made at our institute. The quality of seed separation in this module depends on the uniformity degree of the field of air velocities in the working area, the stability of this field and its extent. The seed conditioning module for vegetable species is designed to improve the technologies for organic seed production in the case of vegetable, flower, industrial plant, cereal seeds; for solving practical problems regarding the production of seeds in vegetable crops.
HEMP (Cannabis Sativa - Industrial Hemp) is the industrial plant with the highest use of all these plants in the industry, since nothing is thrown away from this plant. Hemp is the plant of which everything is used, and the products obtained are of a great diversity, from the common rope to the medicinal or cosmetic substances, textiles, automotive or construction materials. It is an unpretentious plant because, apart from the fact that it wants a neutral PH and soils without excess humidity, no maintenance work need to be done and no extra care should be given. The fibre hemp is harvested at the technical maturity when the male plants shed the last pollen grains, and the stalks have a greenish-yellow colour and the leaves fell on the ground. Production management is different for an exclusive fibre production. If we look for raw materials that meet the demands of different areas of the economy with the lowest costs, we must take into account the reactivation of the hemp culture at the level of Romania, because, as we mentioned above, hemp is the plant of which everything is capitalised, and the products obtained are of a great diversity. By applying the technology for processing the stalks in green, the obtained fibre can be used with special results in the strawberry culture at the mulching operation. The paper presents the Equipment for harvesting green hemp stalks ERCV, equipment that performs sequential harvesting of hemp stalks leaving them on the ground. At the same time, factors that influence the process of harvesting hemp stalks are presented: harvesters’ cutting devices, kinematic of the cutting blades, cutting speed, cutting angles of the cutting blades, the forces acting on the blade and the power required to drive the cutting devices.
The problem of grain storage and storage can be approached from two perspectives: storage and storage of cereals and technical plants within individual agricultural holdings; storage and storage of cereals and technical plants within agricultural associations and companies. At the level of Romania, the storage and storage of cereals at small agricultural producers are deficient in terms of ensuring optimal storage conditions according to standards. These variants include: preservation at low temperatures; preservation by active aeration; self-preservation; chemical preservation; conservation with the help of radiation. In the paper we will approach the conservation by active aeration because it folds better for small agricultural producers. Proper aeration is one of the most important processes in a grain storage system and is essential for maintaining the quality of stored products. Aeration means the movement of a relatively small volume of air through the grain mass in order to control the temperature of the grain and to reduce the risk of product degradation. The two main objectives of aeration are to maintain a uniform temperature in the grain mass and at the same time the temperature must be as low as possible from a practical point of view. The paper will present the results of experiments for storing bulk grain in a metal cell with central aeration system, which is based on a patent. This type of storage system can be used successfully in small agricultural producers.
In the current context of climate change, a special place is occupied by the field of energy plants. One of the renewable sources providing the biomass necessary for the generation of bioenergy, widely used in the last decades in the EU countries is the Miscanthus culture, which by capitalisation provides a series of economic benefits, but especially in terms of environment. This can be used for the production of electricity and/or thermal energy both in large power plants (30 MW +), which use thousands of tons of biomass annually, and in small domestic systems that use several tons, during the winter months. By using the Miscanthus in the combustion process, the carbon dioxide emissions are reduced and the methane emissions from the deposits are eliminated. In the case of applying the technology for Miscanthus culture direct harvesting (culture of perennial plants, over 2 m high, and high density), the technological process consists of cutting, chopping and loading in the means of transport of the harvested material. The paper presents the technological process of direct harvesting and analysis of the results obtained, achieved with the help of the trailed forage harvester CTF.
Rising the added value to fruit growing products can be achieved by developing adequate technologies to ensure food security, food safety and to increase farmer income. Many farmers are pursuing the news applications and technologies dedicated to post-harvesting processing of their horticultural products, beginning with most commune instruments and finishing with the most efficient ones. The technology that will be presented in this paper consists of a number of equipment related to each operation, namely: washing, extracting kernels, drying, and packaging. In this technology it is implemented an equipment dedicated to extract the stone fruit kernels with several work stations, and the drying equipment (with or without kernels, in accordance with applied technology). Based on the experimental data done in exploitation conditions, will be made a comparative study for different kind of fruits, and will be drawn conclusions and recommendations regarding the process optimization. This technology was special design to be implement in small farms in order to rise the products added value. Cuvinte cheie: tehnologie procesare fructe, separare sâmburi, cireșe, prune.
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