Knowing the particularities of the vegetable plants' seeds is of particular practical importance, because on their basis the conditioning technologies are realized and the cultivation technologies are managed both in the field and in the protected spaces. Seed quality is a relative notion due to the fact that the seeds of some species may have different destinations: food or feed consumption, sowing or industrialization. The production and quality of any agricultural crop is determined both by the factors that act from the time of sowing to the harvesting, as well as by those that directly influence the seeds before sowing. Quality seeds are the basic block of the vegetable production system. Proper processing after seed harvesting is important to maximize the yield, longevity, vigour and overall quality. Based on these considerations, the theoretical and experimental information on the influence of some factors on the aerodynamic properties of vegetable seeds will be presented. In order to highlight these influences, experiments with various seeds will be carried out on a seed conditioning module for vegetable species-MCSL made at our institute. The quality of seed separation in this module depends on the uniformity degree of the field of air velocities in the working area, the stability of this field and its extent. The seed conditioning module for vegetable species is designed to improve the technologies for organic seed production in the case of vegetable, flower, industrial plant, cereal seeds; for solving practical problems regarding the production of seeds in vegetable crops.
HEMP (Cannabis Sativa - Industrial Hemp) is the industrial plant with the highest use of all these plants in the industry, since nothing is thrown away from this plant. Hemp is the plant of which everything is used, and the products obtained are of a great diversity, from the common rope to the medicinal or cosmetic substances, textiles, automotive or construction materials. It is an unpretentious plant because, apart from the fact that it wants a neutral PH and soils without excess humidity, no maintenance work need to be done and no extra care should be given. The fibre hemp is harvested at the technical maturity when the male plants shed the last pollen grains, and the stalks have a greenish-yellow colour and the leaves fell on the ground. Production management is different for an exclusive fibre production. If we look for raw materials that meet the demands of different areas of the economy with the lowest costs, we must take into account the reactivation of the hemp culture at the level of Romania, because, as we mentioned above, hemp is the plant of which everything is capitalised, and the products obtained are of a great diversity. By applying the technology for processing the stalks in green, the obtained fibre can be used with special results in the strawberry culture at the mulching operation. The paper presents the Equipment for harvesting green hemp stalks ERCV, equipment that performs sequential harvesting of hemp stalks leaving them on the ground. At the same time, factors that influence the process of harvesting hemp stalks are presented: harvesters’ cutting devices, kinematic of the cutting blades, cutting speed, cutting angles of the cutting blades, the forces acting on the blade and the power required to drive the cutting devices.
Finite element analysis (FEA) is a computerized method for predicting how a product reacts to realworld forces, vibration, heat, fluid flow, and other physical effects. Finite element analysis shows whether a product resists under the working conditions, wears out, or works the way it was designed. Hemp fibre is a natural renewable material used in important areas of industry. The primary processing is performed on special equipment that ensures hemp fibre processing. In this study, the structural analysis module will be used for static analysis (resistance checking) and modal analysis (frequency analysis or calculation of a number of structure's own frequencies) for the important assemblies. The pressing and crushing rollers, their spindles and bearings and the frame (machine frame) of the hemp fibre processing equipment are analyzed and verified constructively and functionally. The results obtained are used in redesigning the equipment. Thus, it is expected that the new design of the hemp fibre processing equipment will have better performance in terms of metal consumption, energy efficiency and the quality of the obtained products. The equipment comprises a system with 8 pairs of processing rolls, and a vibrating system for separating the pieces from the remaining stems in fibre. The work is aimed at checking the dimensioning and the resistance to the efforts by the method of the finite element analysis (FEA) both for the construction of the rollers and the support frame.
The production and quality of any agricultural crop is determined both by the factors acting from the moment of sowing until harvesting, as well as by those that directly influence the seeds before sowing. In the organic cultivation of cereals, industrial plants, vegetables, medicinal plants, the seeds must be clean without any impurities because the maintenance of these crops does not allow using chemicals. There is a number of technologies and pieces of equipment for separating impurities. In case of separating impurities from the mass of small seeds, especially vegetable and flower seeds, the use of separation on sieves is very expensive because compared to other crops, vegetable seeds are produced in small quantities (except for beans, peas, lentils, etc.) and have a wide variety of characteristics. Vegetables belong to a large number of plant families. This is why their seeds have a very different structure, shape, size and chemical composition. To overcome these challenges, the experimental model Seed conditioning module for vegetable species – MCSL, which separates impurities by using the aerodynamic properties of the seeds was developed. Seed conditioning module for vegetable species is designed to improve the technologies of organic seed production for vegetable seeds, flowers, industrial plants, cereals and to solve practical problems regarding seed production in the case of vegetable crops. Starting from these considerations, the paper will present theoretical and experimental information on the influence of some factors on the aerodynamic properties of cereal seeds, vegetables and industrial plants. The quality of seed separation in this module depends on the degree of uniformity of the air velocity field in the working area, on the stability of this field and on its extent.
This paper describes the use of the method of selective, weighted morphological research by dividing by inventics submorphologies to analyze the equipment for biocompost production. The selective morphological research method was used to find the optimal constructive solution which is then developed in the research, design and testing of an innovative piece of equipment. Using Bellman's principle and the method of morphological analysis, the known constructive solutions will be studied, their weighting will be achieved by dividing by submorphologies and the Bellman diagram will be constructed to determine the weighting coefficient of the optimal solution.
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