Most of the global trade is carried by sea as the Earth surface is covered more than ¾ with water. For commercial purposes, the size of ships has continuously increased; thus, the space for cargo and passengers became more generous. Though, this leads to higher risks: reduced maneuverability, especially in narrow or confined waters, more costly intervention in case of an accident and consistent relief actions. When naval accidents affect the property, human life and environment are severely affected. To reduce the risk of accidents or curb their effects when produced, all stakeholders involved in shipping must obey the provisions of international regulations related to the safety of ships operations, collision avoidance, pollution prevention, and so on. Along with enforcing international regulations in the field, effective management of intervention in the case of an accident has to be adopted. This paper presents the influence of environmental factors in the western Black Sea basin on naval accidents, along with considerations related to the system of intervention in the case of distress situations or accident in the Romanian sector of the Black Sea.
The paper presents an analysis of renewable energy available in the Republic of Moldova. Because of geographic localization, there is no possibility to use wave energy so, the wind, solar, rivers and biomass sources are taken into account. After a short presentation of benefits and drawbacks of each energy source, an estimation for the Republic of Moldova is performed. The analysis results pointed out that the wind energy is the most used type and there is a lot of information about the wind speed values over the whole country area.
This paper highlights the icing regime and its impact on the primary naval operations conducted in the Black Sea basin. The article analyzes seawater’s phenomenon freezing through the perspective of merchant shipping operations and underlines the impact on undersea or surface warfare. The article figures out the impact on the ship hull, weapons systems, personnel, as well as the tactics aspects of operations or de-icing strategies when ice accrues on ship hull and equipment. The article points out associated meteorological phenomena and brings in attention the importance of meteorological and oceanographic observations in situ or by satellites as a condition for the success of the operation. In the end, the article concludes regarding shortfalls faced during icing periods and give some directions meant to curb the adversary effects of unfavorable icing environment.
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