ABSTRACT:The impact of climate on crop evapotranspiration (ET c ) was assessed in the Pannonian basin for the present and future . Annual temperature, annual precipitation and monthly potential evapotranspiration are the main climate data used in the present study. The European land cover database was used for the spatial recognition of terrain vegetation of the countries which are found in the Pannonian basin. A difference of maximum annual temperature from 19.9 to 20.8 ∘ C was observed in the investigated area between 1991-2020 and 2021-2050. Precipitation rates decrease from west (1800 mm) to east (below 400 mm), and the potential evapotranspiration varies from 500 to 800 mm. Four stages of crop growth were identified and for each stage the crop co-efficients were assessed. For present projections of climate data, the annual crop evapotranspiration variability is from 105 to 1087 mm and records the highest values in mid-season stage, over 630 mm. Future projections indicate that in the central and southern part of the Pannonian basin the annual crop evapotranspiration will increase. For both present and future projections, the lowest crop evapotranspiration was found in the cold season, because of lack of heat and lower values of the crop co-efficient.

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Anthropogenic activities negatively affect the ecosystems by introducing high amounts of metals in the environment. The study assessed the contamination and ecological risk caused by As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in urban soils situated near a metallurgical complex, based on geochemical load (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf i ), degree of contamination (Cd), potential ecological risk factor (Er i ) and potential ecological risk index (Ri). The results showed concentrations above the geochemical background in more than 80 % of samples for As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and 25% for Cr, respectively. The alert level for sensitive soil use was exceeded in 80 % and 5% of samples for Pb and Cd, respectively, while in 15% of samples the Pb concentrations exceeded the intervention level. The Cf i indicated considerable contamination with Pb, moderate contamination with Cd, Cu, Zn, As and low contamination with Cr. The Igeo indicated moderate to strong pollution with Pb, moderate pollution with Cd, Cu, Zn, As and no pollution with Cr in the majority of the soils. The Cd showed low and moderate degree of contamination of soils with the studied metals. The Er i revealed moderate potential ecological risk for Cd and low potential risk for Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and As, while the Ri indicated a low risk for all studied soil samples.

UAS (Unmanned Aircraft Systems) technologies, also known as UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), drones, or Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) and GIS (Geographic Information System) are recognised for the value of the results that can be achieved by their combined use. However, their use and the results achieved are rarely framed within the context of Digital Era Governance (DEG), an undertaking that would significantly reduce the capabilities of knowledge transfer from the academic and/or private environment to the public domain. The purpose of this study was to highlight, by a bibliometric analysis, the areas of proposed use of this team of tools and the extent to which these can enter the sphere of interest of public administrations, especially local ones. From a methodological point of view, based on the 439 articles filtered from the Web of Science database where UAS/UAV and GIS technologies were used, several bibliometric analyses have emerged. VOSviewer and R (Bibliometrix tool) were used to conduct the bibliometric analyses. Most scientific publications that used UAV technology as a working tool have predominant applicability in photogrammetry, while GIS applications are found in publications dedicated to image processing, landslides, and cultural and archaeological heritage. We point out that from the point of view of international cooperation, at the level of institutions or countries, certain international organisations from the USA, China, and the central and northern European states have a high interest in this topic, and a low cooperation between academia and public administration is exhibited. The conclusion is represented by the apparent lack of framing of the results of UAS–GIS technologies usage into wider and more topical contexts, such as digital era governance, and also a reduced applicability of the research results.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has had both financial and activity-related effects on a number of areas of activity, among which those involving the creative industries have proved to be weak in their capacity to survive the halting of all events held in physical spaces. The long-term effects of the current health crisis are bringing about changes in cultural demand and offer and highlighting the need to adapt and to think of new ways of functioning. Taking its cue from this situation, the research underlying our article set out to investigate the ways in which Romania’s independent creative sector is adapting. We achieved this by means of conducting 25 semi-structured interviews and undertaking case studies of two cities that are among the most effervescent from the point of view of cultural and creative industries, Timișoara and Cluj-Napoca. With the strengthening of this sector as the aim in view, the forms of early social resilience we identified are capable in the short term of taking action to ensure the survival of some of the spaces; in the medium term, through activating mechanisms that encourage entrepreneurial spirit, they will be able to adapt to any external shock.

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