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During the last decade of high-pressure research a whole new series of iron oxides was discovered, like Fe 4 O 5 , Fe 5 O 6 , Fe 7 O 9 etc. [1-6], featuring closely related structures with arrays of one-dimensional (1D) chains of trigonal prisms embedded between slabs of octahedra. Here, we develop a unified approach to the series based on a specific crystallographic generation mechanism which predicts the structures of these oxides and naturally classifies them in terms of the slab cycle.When including magnetic interactions, we show that the 1D chains have a symmetry protection against magnetic perturbations from the iron ions in the slabs, and that the slab size determines the type of magnetic order, which is either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic. Dynamical meanfield theory calculations reveal the orbitally selective Mott state of the Fe ions and tendency of conductivity to low-dimensional behavior with particular enhancement along the 1D chains. Across the series, the decoupling of the chains increases, and so with the inherent charge ordering of the slabs, these structures have the potential to allow experimental realization of the model system of coupled 1D wires [7][8][9][10][11]. We point out the possibility to stabilize these compounds in the thin-film form that, together with a wide range of possible ionic substitutions and fact that these compounds are recoverable at ambient pressure, makes them a very promising platform to engineer physical systems with interesting magnetotransport phenomena, as corroborated by the recent discovery of quantum Hall effect in ZrTe 5 [12].

Currently available sources of water face extreme pressures around the globe because of oblivious human activities as well as changing climate. Rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) carries a huge potential to enhance surface and groundwater resources in the regions having a poor water supply. Recently, several countries have started to promote the updated implementation of such practice to tackle the problem of growing water demand. These considerations motivated our enthusiasm for looking at its current circumstances and the possibility of RWHS in the future. In this regard, the study aims to identify the evidence gap among different determinants (climate change, reliability, water quality and financial viability) intertwined with RWHS. In the proposed paper, studies related to the significance of RWHS amidst scarcity of water around the globe, published in the valued journals from 2000 to 2020, are reviewed. We found that the RWHS becomes economically viable when certain steps and risks assessment methods are executed in planning and maintaining this system. The study concludes that drinking water sufficiency is possible if a sustainable drinking water supply system is built via RWHS.

PurposeAgriculture, since time immemorial, has been a major sector in reducing poverty, accelerating economic activities and source of sustainability of a nation. As most of the youth in the 21st century are targeting the youth's career in the non-agricultural sector, attracting and involving the youths in agribusinesses is the need of the hour. In this regard, the research tries to understand the awareness and involvement of youth farmers in agripreneurship in Western Nepal.Design/methodology/approachUsing a structured questionnaire, data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. On the basis of descriptive and inferential analysis, the ordered logit model is employed in the study. The research is based on explanatory research design through identifying farmers' awareness of agriculture entrepreneurship from 324 farmers of Bedkot Municipality, Kanchanpur, Nepal.FindingsStudy findings have shown that agricultural knowledge with overall awareness is statistically significant. Ordered logistic regression indicated that sex has somehow influenced technical and entrepreneur skills while agriculture information highly influenced education and training. The result shows that agricultural training is still the requirement of one-fourth of the farmers, whereas another quarter of farmers need subsidies.Research limitations/implicationsThe study suggests that in order to enhance awareness, training, subsidy, market management and development program are widely needed. In the backdrop of declining agro-products and food security challenges, the study targets to offer an understanding to policymakers and stakeholders on addressing the dire need of agripreneurship among the youths around the world.Originality/valueThe study summarizes the state of knowledge of agripreneurship of Nepalese farmers, identifies emerging issues and policy implications and priorities for future applied research.

Background: Industry 4.0 is the revolution of industrial process along with the adaptation of technological changes and advancement. With the passage of time industry 4.0 has been catching the attention of industries all over the world. Various studies and literatures seem to be emerging regarding industry 4.0 around the globe. However, in Nepalese context no study has been conducted on the particular field. Objective:This study aims to study the current status of industries in Kathmandu valley and analyzes the factors affecting industrial readiness for industry 4.0 amidst the effects of the pandemic. It tries to review the industrial readiness for industry 4.0 in Nepal. Methods: Systematic literature review was conducted to analyze various literatures around the world along with 20 empirical reviews to make this study more efficient. Also, conceptual framework was developed to draw roadmap of the study. Results: We found that Nepal has got many problems in adoption of the concept of Industry 4.0. Our study noticed that along with the involvement of much unskilled labor force in industries, lack of infrastructural development and innovation, and ineffective government policy are the vital ones. Conclusion and implication: This study concludes that Nepal has huge unskilled workers relatively to skilled workers that are means for adaptation of new technologies, replacing manual work and the government from policy level needs to focus on this. This study will be beneficiary for Ministry of Information and technology, Ministry of industry, Ministry of Education, Health and science, Policy makers, Foreign as well as domestic investors, and for authors and graduating students in understanding industries readiness for 4.0 in Nepal.

The urban water supply systems around the world are highly stressed at present due to growing water demand caused by rapid population growth and unplanned urbanization. The growing environmental awareness and water supply restrictions have made, rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS) a priority as well as a necessity in many countries. To improve urban water security, the practice of an RWHS is increasingly being adopted in the cities and towns of developing countries. This study aims at identifying the factors affecting the adoption of rainwater harvesting for household uses in the Kathmandu valley (KV) of Nepal. The results were drawn from a survey of 405 respondents who reside in the KV. To explain the determinants of adaptation, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. Results show that independence for water access and system sophistication are significant for the adaptation of RWHS and relative advantage plays a moderating role that has partial mediation among dependent and independent variables with a significant relationship. Thus, variables like independence for water access, system sophistication, relative advantage and sustainable use should be highlighted for a sustainable supply of water. For this, we recommend effective policy interventions at the local and national level for the adoption of RWHS and its advantages in terms of safeguarding water in the long run at the present changing climate scenario.

Background: Becoming environmentally viable, lately, ‘Going Green’ has been a popular expression for both worldwide banking and financial areas just as for the overall population. Green banking as a piece of going green is another method of playing out the financial organizations thinking about the clean natural issues and corporate social duty of banks. Objectives: This paper tries to investigate banker’s overall arrangement and elements influencing their viewpoint on green banking performances. Method: The information was gathered between June–October 2019 from various banks in Kathmandu valley, Nepal. The sample of 326 financial representatives has been gathered by utilizing a purposive sampling technique. Collecting primary and secondary data, this study utilizes an explanatory research design that assesses the causal relationship among reliant and free factors. The paper utilizes descriptive and inferential techniques for assessment. For understanding green financial mindfulness of the bankers, an index has been calculated. Result: The outcomes show that large numbers of the bankers are less mindful of green financial practices in their banks, while just 5% of respondents know about green banking practices. The Probit regression results uncover that education, preparing for green banking, fixed expense, client fascination, related parties’ directions, and security of the climate have critical and constructive impacts on green financial practices in banks. Conclusion: All in all, for the selection of green financial practices, most importantly, banks ought to provide training to their employees and offer effective online services to their clients.

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