Chest X-ray (CXR) imaging is a standard and crucial examination method used for suspected cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In profoundly affected or limited resource areas, CXR imaging is preferable owing to its availability, low cost, and rapid results. However, given the rapidly spreading nature of COVID-19, such tests could limit the efficiency of pandemic control and prevention. In response to this issue, artificial intelligence methods such as deep learning are promising options for automatic diagnosis because they have achieved state-of-the-art performance in the analysis of visual information and a wide range of medical images. This paper reviews and critically assesses the preprint and published reports between March and May 2020 for the diagnosis of COVID-19 via CXR images using convolutional neural networks and other deep learning architectures. Despite the encouraging results, there is an urgent need for public, comprehensive, and diverse datasets. Further investigations in terms of explainable and justifiable decisions are also required for more robust, transparent, and accurate predictions. INDEX TERMS Chest x-ray, coronavirus, COVID-19, deep learning, radiological imaging.
In today's world, news outlets have changed dramatically; newspapers are obsolete, and radio is no longer in the picture. People look for news online and on social media, such as Twitter and Facebook. Social media contributors share information and trending stories before verifying their truthfulness, thus, spreading rumors. Early identification of rumors from social media has attracted many researchers. However, a relatively smaller number of studies focused on other languages, such as Arabic. In this study, an Arabic rumor detection model is proposed. The model was built using transformer-based deep learning architecture. According to the literature, transformers are neural networks with outstanding performance in natural language processing tasks. Two transformers-based models, AraBERT and MARBERT, were employed, tested, and evaluated using three recently developed Arabic datasets. These models are extensions to the BERT, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers, a deep learning model that uses transformer architecture to learn the text representations and leverages the attention mechanism. We have also mitigated the challenges introduced by the imbalanced training datasets by employing two sampling techniques. The experimental results of our proposed approaches achieved 0.97 accuracy. This result demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method and outperformed other existing Arabic rumor detection methods.
Social network analysis involves delicate and sophisticated mathematical concepts which are abstract and challenging to acquire by traditional methods. Many studies show that female students perform poorly in computer science-related courses compared to male students. To address these issues, this research investigates the impact of employing a web-based interactive programming tool, Jupyter notebooks, on supporting deeper conceptual understanding and, therefore, better attainment levels of the course learning outcomes in a female setting. The work also highlights the overall experience and enjoyment this tool brought to the classroom. Document analysis and questionnaire were used as data collection methods. A mixed approach was applied, mid-term exam documents were investigated qualitatively, and the questionnaire was analyzed quantitatively. Our results showed that most students correctly perceived the learning outcomes and knowledge introduced within the Jupyter environment. Moreover, the interactive nature of Jupyter enhanced engagement and brought enjoyment to the learning experience.
The increasing number of online product and service reviews has created a substantial information resource for individuals and businesses. Automatic review summarization helps overcome information overload. Research in automatic text summarization shows remarkable advancement. However, research on Arabic text summarization has not been sufficiently conducted. This study proposes an extractive Arabic review summarization approach that incorporates the reviews’ polarity and sentiment aspects and employs a graph-based ranking algorithm, TextRank. We demonstrate the advantages of the proposed methods through a set of experiments using hotel reviews from Booking.com. Reviews were grouped based on their polarity, and then TextRank was applied to produce the summary. Results were evaluated using two primary measures, BLEU and ROUGE. Further, two Arabic native speakers’ summaries were used for evaluation purposes. The results showed that this approach improved the summarization scores in most experiments, reaching an F1 score of 0.6294. Contributions of this work include applying a graph-based approach to a new domain, Arabic hotel reviews, adding sentiment dimension to summarization, analyzing the algorithms of the two primary summarization metrics showing the working of these measures and how they could be used to give accurate results, and finally, providing four human summaries for two hotels which could be utilized for another research.
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