Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles from medicinal plants has provided a broad scope in biomedical research and functional food formulations due to low toxicity. Dendropanax morbifera (DM) is a versatile traditional medicine used for various inflammatory diseases due to its extensive antioxidant activity. We investigated DM as a natural capping agent for Zn2+ ions and coloaded it with tryptophan for its penetration and antiobesity behavior. DM zinc oxide nanoparticles (DM-ZnO NPs) were prepared and then entrapped with tryptophan (DM-ZnO-Try nanoemulsion (NE)) for stable formulation using the O/W nanoemulsion method. The hydrodynamic sizes measured by dynamic light scattering for DM-ZnO NPs and DM-ZnO-Try NE are about 146.26 ± 3.31 and 151.16 ± 3.59 nm, respectively. TEM and SEM reveal its morphology. In vitro analysis on both NPs and NE was non-toxic to RAW 264.7 and 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line. It significantly reduced the accumulated lipids through lipolysis performed at 10 ug/mL in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells. NE suppresses the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and lowers triglycerides. Further, the substantial reduction of lipid content is evident with Oil Red O staining and OD measurement. In this present study, the synergetic effect of DM-ZnO NPs and tryptophan is reported, which provides a way for more detailed research on its efficacy for obesity and obesity-associated disorders.
The objective of this study is to improve the exit flow uniformity of a gas torch with multiple exit holes for effective heating of a steel plate. The torch was simulated, and combustion experiments were performed for validation. Based on a basic model, three different revised models were designed and analyzed with the software ANSYS FLUENT 18.2. The flow uniformity (γ) of the velocity distribution at the multiple exit holes was investigated with the pressure drop ranging from 100 to 500 Pa. The basic model had flow uniformity ranging from 0.849 to 0.852, but the three new models had γ1 = 0.901–0.912, γ2 = 0.902–0.911, and γ3 = 0.901–0.914, respectively. The maximum percentage difference of the flow uniformity index between the three new models and the basic model was 7.3%. The basic model with nonuniform flow distribution made a temperature difference of the back side of the steel plate from the center to the edge of around 229 °C, while the modified model with uniform flow distribution had a smaller temperature difference of 90 °C. The simulation results showed good agreement with our experimental results for both the basic model and the modified model. The modified gas torch made a wider and more uniform temperature distribution on a preheated steel plate than the basic one. The results revealed that a trade-off between cost and flow uniformity, as well as the new gas torch, could be applied to a steel-plate preheating process before welding.
Three-dimensional flow simulations through a turbine cascade are carried out for an exit isentropic Mach number of 0.79. The objective of the present study is to qualitatively and quantitatively clarify the effect of using an elliptic trailing edge (TE) instead of a circular one on the flow. Calculations are carried out using a parallel, turbulent, structured, singleblock code and the delayed detached eddy simulation is employed for turbulence. We maintain the TE thickness (minor axis) and modify the other axis (major axis). Time-averaged pressure and heat transfer coefficient distributions along the blade are presented with more attention paid to the TE region. The results show that increasing the major-to-minor axis ratio decreases both the heat transfer coefficient and loss. Therefore, designers can adjust this ratio according to application needs.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.