BackgroundChronic kidney diseases (CKDs) are known in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cause extra morbidity and mortality. There were few related studies in Africa, and no such studies exist in Ethiopia.ObjectiveTo determine the magnitude of chronic kidney disease and associated risk factors among cardiovascular (CV) patients.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 163 CV patients attending Tikur-Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Ethiopia. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined using the Simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. Body weight, height, and blood pressure were recorded, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Serum urea and creatinine were analyzed using an automatic analyzer (MINDRAY, BE-2000), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was calculated.ResultsIn this study, CKD, defined as estimated GFR (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 was found in 39 (23.9%) participants using the MDRD equation. Normal serum creatinine (SCr) was observed in 114 (69.9%) participants and proteinuria was found in 41 (25.2%) participants. CKD was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (COR: −0.240, 95% CI: −0.439 to −0.041, p = 0.018), SCr (COR: −0.679; 95% CI: −0.778 to −0.580; p = 0.001) and BUN (COR: −0.422; 95% CI: −0.550 to −0.295; p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, only high SCr (AOR = 47.57; 95% CI: 13.72–164.89; p = 0.001) was independently associated with CKD.ConclusionThese findings indicated that the CKD was significantly associated with SBP and increased BUN, while independently associated with increased SCr. Thus, early detection and recognition of CKD in-patient with CVD helps to avoid extra morbidity and mortality. We recommend using the MDRD formula in health facilities for diagnosing of CKD to reduce duplication of laboratory tests (SCr and BUN), as it is the easiest practice and saves patients and the public sector costs.
Background: Episiotomy is a surgical incision of the perineum during delivery to enlarge the vaginal orifice. It is one of the most commonly performed obstetric intervention world widely. The magnitude of episiotomy varies from population to population. Limited information exists related to the practice of episiotomy in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of episiotomy and its associated factors in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods: Institution based retrospective cross-sectional study was undertaken from March to June 2014 on 306 mothers who had a vaginal delivery in the Hospital. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study units. The data were collected using pretested cheek list. Proportion of patients who had episiotomy was calculated and the association between dependent and independent variables was checked using both binary and multiple logistic regression and Chi-square. Results: Prevalence of episiotomy in University of Gondar Comprehensive specialized Referral Hospital was 47.7% (n = 146). Majority (89.5%) of the delivery was spontaneous vaginal delivery while vacuum, forceps and destructive delivery were 4.6%, 4.6%, and 1.3% respectively. During pregnancy and delivery, 84% of mothers had no associated diseases while 8% had hypertensive disorder, 5% diabetes mellitus and 3% of them has other diseases. After multivariate analysis episiotomy was significantly associated with maternal age (15-24 years) (p = 0.041, AOR (CI 95%) 1.65 (1.02-2.66)), primiparity (p =0.010, AOR (CI 95%) 2.61 (1.54-4.44)), prolonged labor (p = 0.001, COR (CI 95%) 6.45 (2.89-14.38)), and weight of newborn (p = 0.044, COR (CI 95%) 2.48 (1.16, 5.31)). Conclusion: Prevalence of episiotomies in the institution was 47.7% and variables that remained associated significantly with episiotomy were maternal age, primiparity, prolonged labor, and newborn weight.
Background: Asthma attacks are life-threatening episodes that place a costly burden on the individual and the community in both high-and low-income countries including Ethiopia. There is scant information on the determinant of it in the study area. Objective: To identify determinants of asthma attack among adult asthmatic patients attending at public hospitals of West Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted. In this study, 300 participants (100 cases and 200 controls) were included. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. After the data were entered into Epidata version 3.1, it was exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. First, bivariable logistic regression was performed. Independent variables with a p-value < 0.25 in binary logistic regression were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. In the multivariable logistic regression model, independent variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered to be significant determinants of the outcome variable of the study. Results: This finding identified that upper respiratory tract infection (
Introduction: Teff (Eragrostis tef) is an indigenous crop in Ethiopia and exists in white, red, and mixed varieties. Several types of research confirmed that teff is rich in many essential amino acids, slowly digesting carbohydrates, essential fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, fibers, and other components. Since teff has a low glycemic index, is enriched in essential amino acids and fatty acids, and contains nutritionally balanced minerals, vitamins, and their precursors, it could be a promising food for the prevention and management of diabetes. People with diabetes mellitus are recommended to feed on a diet having a low glycemic index and enriched in essential nutrients. Objective: This review aimed to summarize the nutritional composition of teff (Eragrostis tef) and its value in diabetic patients. Methodology: We searched Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar for studies on the nutritional composition of teff and its value for diabetic patients published in English since 2010. Conclusion: According to available data, teff is a nutritionally valuable food type for diabetic patients.
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