Compositional schedulability analysis of hierarchical scheduling frameworks is a well studied problem, as it has wide-ranging applications in the embedded systems domain. Several techniques, such as periodic resource model based abstraction and composition, have been proposed for this problem. However these frameworks are sub-optimal because they incur bandwidth overhead. In this work, we introduce the Explicit Deadline Periodic (EDP) resource model, and present compositional analysis techniques under EDF and DM. We show that these techniques are bandwidth optimal, in that they do not incur any bandwidth overhead in abstraction or composition. Hence, this framework is more efficient when compared to existing approaches. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Such permission of the IEEE does not in any way imply IEEE endorsement of any of the University of Pennsylvania's products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs-permissions@ieee.org. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it. AbstractCompositional schedulability analysis of hierarchical scheduling frameworks is a well studied problem, as it has wide-ranging applications in the embedded systems domain. Several techniques, such as periodic resource model based abstraction and composition, have been proposed for this problem. However these frameworks are sub-optimal because they incur bandwidth overhead. In this work, we introduce the Explicit Deadline Periodic (EDP) resource model, and present compositional analysis techniques under EDF and DM. We show that these techniques are bandwidth optimal, in that they do not incur any bandwidth overhead in abstraction or composition. Hence, this framework is more efficient when compared to existing approaches.
In many modern embedded platforms, safetycritical functionalities that must be certified correct to very high levels of assurance co-exist with less critical software that are not subject to certification requirements. Recent research in realtime scheduling theory has yielded some promising techniques for meeting the dual goals of (i) being able to certify the safetycritical functionalities under very conservative assumptions, and (ii) ensuring high utilization of platform resources under less pessimistic assumptions . This research has centered on an event-triggered/ priority-driven approach to scheduling. However current practice in many safety-critical domains, including (the safety-critical components of) automotive and avionics systems and factory automation, favors a time-triggered approach. In such time-triggered systems, non-interference of safety-critical components by non-critical ones is ensured by strict isolation between components of different criticalities; although such isolation facilitates the certification of the safety-critical functionalities, it can cause very low resource utilization.The research reported in this document is, to our knowledge, the first to study time-triggered scheduling from the perspective of both ensuring certifiability of high-criticality functionalities, and obtaining high resource utilization as in (i) and (ii) above. We present algorithms for time-triggered scheduling of mixedcriticality systems that offers resource utilization guarantees similar to those of event-triggered scheduling. Since the timetriggered approach currently seems to find greater acceptability with certification authorities, it is hoped that this research will hasten the adoption of these results in building embedded systems that are subject to mandatory certification.
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