Enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean milk proteins with cysteine protease papain was performed in an advanced bioreactor, operated with batch mode. In soybean milk protein hydrolysis reaction, enzyme and substrate ratio and reaction temperature were varied, ranging from 0.029:100-0.457:100 and 30-60 • C, respectively. The degree of hydrolysis of soybean milk proteins was increased with increase of enzyme and substrate (soybean milk protein) ratio. However, the degree of hydrolysis was increased due to change of reaction temperature from 30 • C to 60 • C with enzyme and substrate ratio 0.229:100 and was reduced when hydrolysis reaction was performed with enzyme and substrate ratio 0.11:100 at hydrolysis temperature 60 • C. Antioxidant capacity of enzyme-treated milk had a similar trend with degree of hydrolysis. In a later exercise, a membrane bioreactor was adopted for continuous production of antioxidant and antibacterial peptides from soybean milk. The membrane bioreactor was operated for 12 h with constant feeding. Ceramic-made tubular membrane with a pore size 20 nm was used. Application of static turbulence promoter in a membrane separation process was investigated and its positive effects, with respect to higher permeate flux and lower energy consumption in filtration process, were proven. Antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus of enzyme-hydrolyzed milk and permeate from membrane were confirmed.

Pulse beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus) is a common weevil that is responsible for up to 24% of stored pulse losses. Using black gram grain storage, the efficiency of carbon dioxide gas against all life stages of Callosobruchus maculatus insects was tested at various concentrations and exposure times. The trials were carried out in pilot bins with a capacity of 25 kg. At a CO2 concentration of 50%, complete mortality of the egg stage of Callosobruchus maculatus was attained after 72 h of continuous exposure. At a CO2 concentration of 60% for 48 h, 100% larva mortality was achieved. At the most tolerant stage of pupa, recorded complete mortality is at a CO2 concentration of 70% for 96 hours of the exposure period. Adult insects are especially vulnerable to the high CO2 concentration. Adult mortality was achieved at a concentration of 20% with an exposure period of 48 h. The CO2-treated black grams were then stored for three months with the optimized CO2 concentration and exposure period, while physiochemical parameters such as water retention capacity and physiological loss in weight were determined. Grain stored in the silo showing significant 100% mortality of egg was measured after 20-25 days of observation. The use of a controlled atmosphere storage bin increased the mortality of the insect C. maculatus at all developmental stages, by means of increasing CO2 concentration and exposure time. Grain stored in a controlled atmosphere silo showed minimum losses of grain (4.10%) compared to the gunny bag storage (22.56%).

The use of renewable energy is crucial to the global growth of sustainability. Milk business amongst many other food industry divisions requires a significant amount of energy, making the meal processing business one of the most energy-intensive industries. As of right now, more than 30 percent of the dairy produced in India is processed. In distant parts of India, milk spoiling is more common due to the delay among milking and storing; as a result, facilities for quick pasteurization and storage are needed. Heated is necessary for pasteurization. Since for a long time, the Indian milk industry has relied on nonrenewable energy sources, that are not only becoming much more costly but are also to blame for significant environmental issues including greenhouse gases and health issues. Consequently, scientific communities, environmental and social organizations, and the governments have all pushed the use of green energy. Solar energy has been shown to be the most viable among various sustainable and renewable energies given the geographical position of India. Solar energy can be used to pasteurize milk because of the energy intensity and range of temperature requirements. Adsorbent refrigerator is recommended here since it is powered by waste/solar heat and can store (200 liters of milk) at low temperatures until it is distributed after the pasteurization process (easily available from farm waste). The solar collector of evacuated tube is used for minimizing heat loss and pasteurizing milk. The outcome demonstrates that milk can be simply pasteurized at 73°C for 25minutes at a flow rate of 5 liter per minutes. A solar energy adsorbent refrigeration system has been constructed and described for keeping 200 liters of milk at 10-15°C for 9–11 hours. Investigation findings indicate that the specific cooling power of the system is sufficient to store 200 liters of milk at 5.8 kW/kg and 5.5 kW/kg for 500 liter per hours hot water supplied at 92°C, 32°C condenser temperatures, and 5°C evaporator temperatures. The heat loss of evacuated tube collector is compared to solar concentrator. The study results provide evacuated tube collector is better for pasteurizing milk since to its highly efficient, longevity, and compactness.