Substantial data from the cognitive neurosciences point to the importance of bodily processing for the development of a comprehensive theory of the self. A key aspect of the bodily self is self-location, the experience that the self is localized at a specific position in space within one's bodily borders (embodied self-location). Although the neural mechanisms of self-location have been studied by manipulating the spatial location of one's visual perspective during mental imagery, such experiments were conducted in constrained, explicit, and unecological contexts such as explicit instructions in a prone/seated position, although most human interactions occur spontaneously while standing/walking. Using a motor paradigm, we investigated the behavioral and neural mechanisms of spontaneous self-location and mental body transformations during active human interaction. Using own-body imagery using spontaneous and explicit changes in self-location in standing participants, we report that spontaneous interactions with an avatar are neurally indistinguishable from explicit own-body transformation with disembodied self-location but differ from explicit own-body transformation with embodied self-location at 400 -600 ms after stimulus onset. We discuss these findings with respect to the neural mechanisms of perspective-taking and selflocation in spontaneous human interaction.
Parce que Freud, Husserl et Titchener l’ont puisée chez lui, l’empathie est la plupart du temps référée à Theodor Lipps qui l’a en effet élaborée en esthétique, en psychologie et en philosophie. Nous remontons dans cet article à l’origine du concept, où Lipps lui-même l’a trouvé, dans la thèse doctorale de Robert Vischer, fils de l’historien et théoricien de l’art Theodor Vischer dont il caractérisait ainsi la remise en cause de l’esthétique hégélienne. Ce retour aux sources n’est pas une question d’érudition. Nous montrons comment en déployant le champ lexical de l’empathie, Einfühlung, Anfühlung, Zufühlung et Nachfühlung, Durchfühlung, Ausfühlung et Zusammenfühlung, Selbstfühlung et Mitfühlung, Robert Vischer a donné les éléments d’une constitution transcendantale de l’espace.
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