This study suggests that isoflavone 100-mg regime treatment may be a safe and effective alternative therapy for menopausal symptoms and may offer a benefit to the cardiovascular system.

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RESUMOObjetivo: a proposta deste estudo foi traduzir e validar o King´s Health Questionnaire (KHQ) para mulheres brasileiras com incontinência urinária. Métodos: 134 pacientes com incontinência urinária, confirmada pelo estudo urodinâmico, foram recrutadas em ambulatório de Uroginecologia. Inicialmente, traduzimos o questionário KHQ para a língua portuguesa (do Brasil) de acordo com critérios internacionais. Devido às diferenças da língua, fizemos a adaptação cultural, estrutural, conceitual e semântica do KHQ, para que as pacientes compreendessem as questões. Todas as pacientes responderam duas vezes o KHQ, no mesmo dia, com dois entrevistadores distintos, com intervalo de 30 minutos de uma entrevista para a outra. Depois de 7 a 14 dias, a aplicação do questionário foi repetida numa segunda visita. Foram testadas a confiabilidade (consistência interna intra e inter-observador) e validade do constructo e discriminativa. Resultados: foram necessárias várias adaptações culturais até obtermos a versão final. A consistência interna intra-observador (alfa de Cronbach) das diversas dimensões oscilou de moderada a alta (0,77-0,90) e a consistência interna inter-observador oscilou de 0,66 a 0,94. Na validação do constructo, obtivemos correlação de moderada a forte entre os domínios específicos para incontinência urinária e manifestações clínicas que, sabidamente, afetam a qualidade de vida dessas pacientes. Conclusão: o KHQ foi adaptado ao idioma português e para a cultura brasileira, mostrando grande confiabilidade e validade, devendo ser incluído e utilizado em qualquer estudo brasileiro de incontinência urinária. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Incontinência urinária; Qualidade de vida; Questionários; Saúde da mulher; ValidadeABSTRACT Purpose: the proposal of the present study was to translate and to validate King´s Health Questionnaire (KHQ) for Brazilian women with urinary incontinence. Methods: a hundred and thirty-four patients with urinary incontinence, confirmed by urodynamic study, were enrolled from the outpatient clinic of Uroginecology. Initially, we translated the KHQ into the Brazilian Portuguese language in agreement with international criteria. Due to language and cultural differences we performed a cultural, structural, conceptual, and semantic adaptation of the KHQ, in order to make sure that patients were able to fully understand the questions. All patients answered the KHQ twice on the same day, within an interval of 30 min, applied by two different interviewers. After 7 to 14 days, on a second visit, the questionnaire was applied again. Reliability (intra-and interobserver internal consistency), construct and discriminative validity were tested. Results: several cultural adaptations were necessary until we reached the final version. The intra-observer internal consistency (alpha of Cronbach) of the several dimensions varied from moderate to high (0.77-0.90), and the interobserver internal consistency varied from 0.66 to 0.94. Moderate to strong correlation was detected among the specific KHQ urinary incontinence do...

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OBJECTIVE:To examine the change in menopausal symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors in response to 4 months of daily 100-mg soy isoflavone in postmenopausal women. METHODS:In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 80 women were randomly assigned to isoflavone (n ‫؍‬ 40) and placebo (n ‫؍‬ 40) treatment. The menopausal Kupperman index was used to assess change in menopausal symptoms at baseline and after 4 months of treatment. Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed by evaluating plasma lipid levels, body mass index, blood pressure, and glucose levels in the participants. To examine the effects of this regime on endogenous hormone levels, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and 17␤-estradiol were measured. Transvaginal sonography was performed to quantify endometrial thickness. RESULTS:The data showed a decrease in menopausal symptoms (P < .01, paired t test, two-tailed, between baseline and isoflavone groups, and P < .01, unpaired t test, between placebo and isoflavone groups). Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein decreased significantly in the isoflavone group compared with the baseline or placebo group (P < .001, paired t test, two-tailed, between baseline and isoflavone groups, and P < .01, unpaired t test, between placebo and isoflavone groups). The isoflavone treatment appeared to have no effect on blood pressure, plasma glucose, and high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels.

When the thickness of the endometrial echo is less than 3 mm there is no need for anatomopathologic investigation. When this limit was adopted, all cases were associated with endometrial atrophy, and when the limit was 4 mm or more, active endometria were detected, requiring further histopathologic investigation by hysteroscopy and directed biopsies. Above 8 mm, malignancy may be found.

Introduction During the menstrual cycle, the mammary gland goes through sequential waves of proliferation and apoptosis. In mammary epithelial cells, hormonal and non-hormonal factors regulate apoptosis. To determine the cyclical effects of gonadal steroids on breast homeostasis, we evaluated the apoptotic index (AI) determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining in human mammary epithelial cells during the spontaneous menstrual cycle and correlated it with cellular proliferation as determined by the expression of Ki-67 during the same period.