Studies in rural communities are important to maintain popular knowledge between generations, as well as to identify new species for pharmaceutical production. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine which plant species the rural community of Bananal, Mato Grosso, Brazil, uses by calculating the levels of fidelity and concordance regarding species uses among residents and to determine if there is a relationship between the number of known useful plants and levels of education, age, and residence time. Ethnobotanical data was collected from residents of the community through semi-structured interviews in January/December/2016. Species diversity was calculated using Shannon-Wiener, Level of Fidelity (LF), Correction Factor, and the Percentage of Agreement regarding the Main Uses (AMU). Statistical tests were performed using generalized linear models (GLM) in the R environment. The plant use indications were grouped according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD 10). We found 152 species belonging to 130 genera and 67 families. The most frequently used plant parts were leaves, and decoction was the most frequent preparation mode. Strychnos pseudoquina was the species with the highest amount of use indications. The diversity index was 4.5 nats/ind-1. The body system with the most citations was the code XVIII of ICD 10, corresponding to the species: alfavaca, mentraste, terramicina, angelim, fedegoso. Medicinal species with AMU values higher than 25% were: Strychnos pseudoquina, Plectranthus barbatus, Citrus sinensis cv. pera, Cymbopogon citratus. There was a relationship between the number of useful plants and the residence time of the participants. The Bananal community revealed high species richness and the relationship of knowledge showed that the older the residents and the longer their residence time in the community, the more knowledge they acquired.

Our objective was to inventory the flora of aquatic macrophytes and their life forms, and to determine the species similarity in different water bodies. Sampling of the vegetation was carried out in 333 plots of 0.5 x 0.5 m along ten transect lines on a boat to best cover the studied areas. Poaceae (18.9%), Cyperaceae (9.4%), Fabaceae, Onagraceae, and Pontederiaceae (7.5% each) were the most represented families. Emergent (56.6%), free floating (20.8%), rooted floating (18.9%), and amphibious (13.2%) were the most common life forms. We observed dissimilarity between most sampled points. We conclude from the inventory of aquatic macrophytes that the most prevalent species are common to other similar physiognomies in the Pantanal and the prevalent life forms corroborate the importance of flood in this environment, since they are typical of plants adapted to the flooded and dry transition. Even though the species richness is comparable to other areas, the plant communities inventoried separately are heterogeneous and respond in distinct ways to local environmental conditions.

The soil seed bank is a regeneration strategy for most plant species in wetlands such as the Pantanal. Soil depth is an indicator of seed bank persistence. Therefore, our objective was to assess the species composition potentially persistent in the soil seed bank, and verify the effect of depth on seed bank abundance, diversity and functional composition. We collected 40 samples (10 x 10 x 5 cm) at four depths: 0-5, 5-10, 10-15 and 15-20 cm, in ten areas along the Paraguay River (N = 10/depth). We placed the samples in trays in the greenhouse, and recorded the seedlings emergence for three months. We found 44 species from 16 families. Most species are perennial, autochoric and hydrochoric, graminoid and herbaceous, with vegetative propagation via basal regrowth. The abundance, species and functional richness decreased with increased depth. We did not find differences in species and functional composition between depths. The species share traits both related to regeneration and persistence niches in different soil layers, which indicates similarity in the functions executed by the community over a 0-20 cm depth soil profile. Species with potentially persistent seed bank also have several functional traits that allow the long-term persistence of individuals in the community, such as vegetative propagation, which confers a high potential for plant community resilience.

ResumoModelos empíricos relacionando variáveis espectrais, como variáveis biofísicas da cobertura vegetal são avaliados para específicos conjuntos de dados. Os desempenhos destes modelos são avaliados ou validados também de forma específica, desconhecendo-se, por exemplo, qual seria o resultado se dados de outros sensores fossem utilizados no estabelecimento dos mesmos modelos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar os valores de dois índices de vegetação (NDVI e SAVI) obtidos de três diferentes sensores. Quando se utiliza índices de vegetação, independente do sensor do qual ele foi extraído, espera-se que os valores sejam semelhantes e comparáveis. Estatisticamente a comparação mostra que o NDVI é mais indicado para análises multitemporais, utilizando o mesmo sensor multiespectral, enquanto que para análises multiescalares, com o uso de diferentes sensores multiespectrais, os índices híbridos de vegetação garantem melhor resposta na equivalência entre fitofisionomias do Cerrado. Entretanto os índices de vegetação não são suficientes para determinar com precisão o tipo de fitofisionomia, sendo necessário a complementação com imagens polarizadas de radar associadas com estatísticas de agrupamento de imagem ou com índices capazes de medir outras variáveis fenológicas, além da absorção da radiação pela clorofila e estrutura da folha. AbstractEmpirical models relating spectral variables such as biophysical vegetation cover variables are evaluated for specific data sets. The performances of these models are also evaluated or validated in a specific way, for example, what would be the result if data from other sensors were used in the establishment of the same models. The objective of this study was to compare the values of two vegetation indices (NDVI and SAVI) obtained from three different sensors. When using vegetation indices, independent of the sensor from which it was extracted, the values are expected to be similar and comparable. Statistically the comparison shows that NDVI is more suitable for multitemporal analysis using the same multispectral sensor, while for multiscalar analysis, using different multispectral sensors, the hybrid vegetation indexes guarantee a better response in the equivalence of the Cerrado physiognomies. However, vegetation indices are not sufficient to accurately determine the type of phytophysiognomy, and it is necessary to complement with polarized radar images associated with image cluster statistics or indices capable of measuring other phenological variables, besides the absorption of radiation by chlorophyll. and leaf structure.

We investigated the effects of fire on the secondary metabolites of Rhamnidium elaeocarpum in the Pantanal region. We analyzed the total phenol and tannin content of individuals from four different sampling groups and used LC-MS metabolomics techniques to observe the metabolites present in the samples and the thermogravimetric behavior of the species. Our findings suggest that recent fires did not significantly affect the species' phenolic metabolism, except for specimens affected by the 2020 megafire, which exhibited a decline in compounds due to leaching. The data suggests that recent fire incidents did not impact the phenolic metabolism of the species, and the high levels indicate that the species has a biochemical tolerance to the stress caused by seasonal fires. Metabolomic profiles showed intense biosynthesis of proanthocyanidin oligomers, which protect against oxidative stress and post-fire environmental disturbances. The results of the thermogravimetric behavior showed the species' thermotolerance and intrinsic relationship with secondary compounds. Overall, our study advanced our understanding of the impact of fire on woody species' metabolism. However, distinguishing whether chemical traits are an adaptive feature or a response to surrounding environmental factors presents a challenge.

We conducted a study on the effects of fire on Rhamnidium elaeocarpum, a widely distributed woody species found in the Pantanal wetlands, using LC-MS metabolomics, total phenolic and tannin content analysis, and thermogravimetric behavior. We sampled individuals from four different groups and found that recent fires had no significant impact on the species' phenolic metabolism, except for those specimens whose aerial parts had died during the 2020 megafire, which showed a compound decline due to leaching. The high levels of phenolics in R. elaeocarpum suggest that the species has a biochemical tolerance to the stress caused by seasonal fires. Metabolomic profiling revealed the presence of proanthocyanidin oligomers, which protect against oxidative stress and post-fire environmental disturbances. However, the passage of fire also led to a high incidence of toxic karwinaphthopyranone derivatives, which could be a concern for the species' medicinal use. Finally, the thermogravimetric analysis showed that the species is thermotolerant, with an intrinsic relationship between the secondary compounds and thermotolerance. Our study enhances our understanding of the impact of fire on woody species' metabolism, although distinguishing whether chemical traits are an adaptive feature or a response to surrounding environmental factors is challenging.