The meaning that persons attribute to environments is divided into perceptualcognitive meaning and affective meaning. Affective meaning is then conceptualized as a two-dimensional bipolar space that can be denned by eight variables falling in the following circular order around the perimeter: pleasant (arbitrarily set at 0°), exciting (45°), arousing (90°), distressing (135°), unpleasant (180°), gloomy (225°), sleepy (270°), and relaxing (315°, which is thus 45° from pleasant). Alternatively, the same space can be denned by two orthogonal bipolar dimensions of pleasant-unpleasant and arousing-sleepy-or equally well by exciting-gloomy and distressing-relaxing. Reliable verbal scales for these eight variables are developed and shown to approximate the proposed theoretical structure. This study was supported by a research grant from the Canada Council to the first author. We are grateful to Nicole Clement and Klaus Schroeder for their help in carrying out this study and to Jerry S. Wiggins for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this article. Requests for reprints should be sent to James A
No abstract
The segregation of women and men into distinctly different occupations i s an important reason why women's position in the formal labor market is not on a par with men's. We investigate the extent to which differences in how people find their jobs help t o explain gender-based occupational segregation. Our analysis is based upon in-depth personal interviews with women and men from a representative sample of 620 households living in the Worcester, Massachusetts metropolitan area in 1987. The majority of our respondents, both women and men, had not actively searched for their present jobs, but had "fallen into" them largely through informal personal contacts. The channels of information through which people obtained their jobs were, however, markedly different for women versus men, and for women in femaledominated occupations as opposed t o women in male-dominated occupations. The gendered nature of social life leads women, and particularly women in female-dominated occupations, t o receive job information from other women, whereas men find out about jobs from other men. Community-based contacts are more important for women than for men and are particularly so for women in female-dominated occupations. The gendered nature of social life also prompts women t o value different job attributes from men; women who end up in female-dominated occupations privilege the job's proximity to home and suitable work hours over and above wage considerations. Women search more locally than do men, and from a residential location that cannot be shifted to accommodate a job location; they draw upon personal contacts that reinforce both the local nature of the job search and the gendering of occupations. These findings suggest that the prevailing economists' formalized approach to model-ing the job-finding process contributes little t o understanding women's position in the labor market.
A set of 105 commonly used adjectives descriptive of the affective quality of molar physical environments was developed and factor analyzed (based on 323 subjects' ratings, each of a different environment). Two, independent, bipolar factors of affective quality-pleasing and arousing quality-were obtained and shown to correlate highly with subjects' affective reactions of pleasure and arousal to the environments. The pleasing and- arousing quality dimensions were hypothesized to summarize the emotive capacity attributed to environments and to adequately define the numerous affective descriptors commonly used: peaceful, festive, hectic, disgusting, boring, and the like. They were also offered as partial interpretations of the semantic differential factors of evaluation and activity, respectively.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Clark University is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Economic Geography.The link between home and work is one of the cornerstones of urban geography. We argue that this link has been conceptualized in a limited and limiting way, and yet this overly simplified view of the home-work linkage has remained at the heart of research. Drawing upon recent literature as well as upon our own study in Worcester, Massachusetts, we propose a reconceptualization of the link between work and home-a reconceptualization that emphasizes the interdependencies between these two realms, that demonstrates the futility of trying to study one in isolation from the other, and that suggests new ways of integrating the analysis of production and reproduction. We focus first on the effects of home on work, pointing to the ways in which the home environment affects the work decision and suggesting the need to redefine what we mean by "home" and "work." We then examine the effects of work on home, focusing on the ways in which variations in people's labor force role and commitment affect residential location and neighborhood functioning. Finally, we discuss the importance of local context in mediating the home-work link.The relationship between home and work-residential location and work location or housing markets and labor markets-has been central to urban geography and to the models that both reflect and delineate our vision of the city. Although the critical importance of the home-work link has long been well recognized, we argue here that the way in which this central relationship has been
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.