RESUMO: É notável o crescente uso da fitoterapia como prática médica integrativa em diversos países. A utilização de plantas medicinais no Brasil tem como facilitadores a grande diversidade vegetal e o baixo custo associado à terapêutica, o que vem despertando a atenção dos programas de assistência à saúde e profissionais. O Ministério da Saúde, com a finalidade de evitar o uso inadequado desta prática medicinal, tem demonstrado interesse por meio do incentivo de pesquisas relacionadas ao assunto, favorecendo a implantação de programas de saúde visando à distribuição e utilização destes medicamentos de forma racional. Baseado neste contexto foi realizado levantamento de como esta temática vem sendo abordada e implementada no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Tratase de estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado através de levantamento bibliográfico em bases de dados relacionado ao tema "medicamentos fitoterápicos no sistema único de saúde". Os descritores utilizados durante toda a pesquisa foram fitoterapia, medicamentos fitoterápicos, medicina integrativa, medicamentos, medicina herbária, fitoterapia no SUS, medicina integrativa e sistemas públicos de saúde. Observou-se que o governo tem demonstrado interesse no desenvolvimento de políticas que associem o avanço tecnológico ao conhecimento popular em prol de procedimentos assistenciais em saúde que apresentem eficácia, abrangência, humanização e menor dependência com relação à indústria farmacêutica. Nas duas últimas décadas, alguns estados e municípios brasileiros vêm realizando a implantação de Programas de Fitoterapia na atenção primária à saúde, com o intuito de suprir as carências medicamentosas de suas comunidades. Apesar da crescente busca por integrativas medicamentosas, os estudos acerca da fitoterapia ainda são precários no Brasil, fazendo-se ainda necessárias pesquisas nesta área, de modo a ampliar o conhecimento dos profissionais e estudantes da saúde, auxiliando e tornando mais sólidas as bases de segurança e eficácia para implementação das praticas fitoterápicas no SUS. Palavras-chave: medicina integrativa, sistema único de saúde, fitoterapiaABSTRACT: Analysis about phytotherapy as an integrating practice in the Brazilian Unified Health System (UHS). The growing use of phytotherapy as an integrating medical practice in several countries has been remarkable. The use of medicinal plants in Brazil is facilitated by the plant diversity and low cost associated with therapeutics, which has called the attention of health assistance programs and professionals. The Brazilian Ministry of Health, in order to avoid misuse of this medical practice, has demonstrated interest, developing policies that encourage research related to this issue and favoring the establishment of health programs focused on the distribution and use of these drugs in a rational way. Based on this context, a survey about how this issue has been addressed and implemented in the Unified Health System (UHS) was carried out. This was a descriptive study of qualitative approach, perf...

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Fungal infections have become a major problem of worldwide concern. Yeasts belonging to the Candida genus and the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans are responsible for different clinical manifestations, especially in immunocompromised patients. Antifungal therapies are currently based on a few chemotherapeutic agents that have problems related to effectiveness and resistance profiles. Microemulsions are isotropic, thermodynamically stable transparent systems of oil, water and surfactant that can improve the solubilization of lipophilic drugs. Taking into account the need for more effective and less toxic drugs along with the potential of thiophene derivatives as inhibitors of pathogenic fungi growth, this study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of a thiophene derivative (5CN05) embedded in a microemulsion (ME). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the microdilution method using amphotericin B as a control. The formulations tested (ME- blank and ME-5CN05) showed physico-chemical properties that would allow their use by the topical route. 5CN05 as such exhibited moderate or weak antifungal activity against Candida species (MIC = 270–540 μg.mL−1) and good activity against C. neoformans (MIC = 17 μg.mL−1). Candida species were susceptible to ME-5CN05 (70–140 μg.mL−1), but C. neoformans was much more, presenting a MIC value of 2.2 μg.mL−1. The results of this work proved promising for the pharmaceutical industry, because they suggest an alternative therapy against C. neoformans.

Momordica charantia is a species cultivated throughout the world and widely used in folk medicine, and its medicinal benefits are well documented, especially its pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial activities. Analytical methods have been used to aid in the characterization of compounds derived from plant drug extracts and their products. This paper developed a methodological model to evaluate the integrity of the vegetable drug M. charantia in different particle sizes, using different analytical methods. M. charantia was collected in the semiarid region of Paraíba, Brazil. The herbal medicine raw material derived from the leaves and fruits in different particle sizes was analyzed using thermoanalytical techniques as thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PYR-GC/MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), in addition to the determination of antimicrobial activity. The different particle surface area among the samples was differentiated by the techniques. DTA and TG were used for assessing thermal and kinetic parameters and PYR-GC/MS was used for degradation products chromatographic identification through the pyrograms. The infusions obtained from the fruit and leaves of Momordica charantia presented antimicrobial activity.

: Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules of great interest in the pharmaceutical field due to their use in combination with other adjuvants to solubilize poor soluble drugs, improve their dissolution profile, promote permeation, increase drug delivery systems stabilization, among other characteristics. Literature shows that surfactants are included in several pharmaceutical forms composition: tablets, solid dispersions, emulsions, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, liposomes, and niosomes. This review aims to elucidate the different classes of surfactants based on their charges (cationic, anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic, and dimeric), the micelles formation process, and how surfactants molecules geometry can affect this phenomenon. Moreover, current studies regarding the benefits of surfactants in the development of formulations are presented. Finally, a discussion on how charges and chain length of surfactants can interact with the stratum corneum epithelial cells leading to increased permeation or skin irritability is reported.