The state-of-the-art of relevance and prospects of using alternative fuels for heavy-duty dump trucks as an effective way to reduce the anthropologic impact on the environment is considered. The analysis of the combination of factors (economic, technological, engineering, safety) determining the possibility and prospects of using alternative fuels in the operation of heavy-duty dump trucks in mining industry is carried out. The data are presented on the available experience of using environmentally friendly (alternative) fuels for heavy-duty dump trucks: electric energy, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), com-pressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG). The studies conducted show that liquefied natural gas (LNG), for a number of objective reasons, seems to be the most promising alternative to diesel of all possible fuels in the segment of heavy-duty haulage vehicles. It is said that in Russia, in the Kemerovo region, for the first time, within the framework of one group of companies, an integrated project for the production of liquefied natural gas and its consumption by BelAZ heavy-duty dump trucks was successfully implemented.
The state-of-the-art of the issue of the efficiency and relevance of the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a motor fuel in the operation of dump trucks is considered. An analysis of the benefits of using LNG as a motor fuel is given. It is noted that, LNG seems to be the most promising alternative to oil types of motor fuel in the segment of open-pit truck haulage. It is affirmed that in Russia, in Kuzbass, the group of companies successfully implemented for the first time an integrated project for the production of LNG and its consumption in relation to BelAZ dump trucks. Data on the relevance and the need to develop technical requirements for on-board cryogenic fuel systems of mine dump trucks are given. Data on the developed groups of technical requirements for on-board cryogenic fuel systems of BelAZ dump trucks are given. It is said that the developed technical requirements made it possible to solve a number of tasks related to the development of circuit and design solutions for equipping BelAZ dump trucks with cryogenic systems. It is argued that the developed technical requirements will contribute to the further development of domestic projects for the production and consumption of liquefied natural gas.
The prospects for the use of natural gas as a motor fuel are considered. The state-run program for the development of natural-gas-fuelled vehicles will entail an increase in the share of transport operating on natural gas. The data on the thermal performance of natural gas from various fields, the volumetric heat values of the stoichiometric mixture of which is almost the same, are given. The analysis of the operation of gas-diesel-fuelled BelAZ dump truck, which burns liquefied natural gas, is conducted. The schematic diagram for engine power supply with liquefied natural gas is given. The calculation of the liquefied natural gas supply system with the replacement of diesel fuel by 33% was made. As a result of the calculation, the diameter of a fuel manifold after injectors, which provides the recommended gas velocity through a manifold, was determined. The instrumentation system for controlling the amount of supplied natural gas is proposed. The complex allows obtaining data on the instantaneous gas flow rate and the total flow rate over a period of time. A pulsation damper used as part of the system allowed reducing gas pulsation in fuel manifolds after injectors, to create conditions for the use of orifice plate flow meters, and ensured the uniform supply of natural gas to both banks of cylinders, which favourably affected the engine.
The state of the issue of the underground space development rate in Russia is considered. An analysis of shortcomings of the existing tunneling equipment (tunneling shields and machines) is carried out. It is noted that a promising way of mine tunneling is screw drilling technology, the basic functional element of which is the geokhod. It is claimed that one of the key systems of the geokhod, which determines its efficiency, is transmission. It is noted that the hydraulic cylinder type transmissions implemented in practice at the present time in the form of the development prototype have both their advantages and disadvantages. This does not allow considering the hydraulic cylinder type transmission the optimal solution for its use when designing new-generation geokhod. An overview of various gearing types is made and conclusions about the prospects of using them in the geokhod transmission are drawn. It is claimed that the eccentric cycloidal gearing, according to a set of indicators, is the most suitable for its application in the geokhod transmission. Therefore, studies aimed at proving parameters of the eccentric cycloidal gearing geokhod transmission are relevant.
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