The state-of-the-art of relevance and prospects of using alternative fuels for heavy-duty dump trucks as an effective way to reduce the anthropologic impact on the environment is considered. The analysis of the combination of factors (economic, technological, engineering, safety) determining the possibility and prospects of using alternative fuels in the operation of heavy-duty dump trucks in mining industry is carried out. The data are presented on the available experience of using environmentally friendly (alternative) fuels for heavy-duty dump trucks: electric energy, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), com-pressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG). The studies conducted show that liquefied natural gas (LNG), for a number of objective reasons, seems to be the most promising alternative to diesel of all possible fuels in the segment of heavy-duty haulage vehicles. It is said that in Russia, in the Kemerovo region, for the first time, within the framework of one group of companies, an integrated project for the production of liquefied natural gas and its consumption by BelAZ heavy-duty dump trucks was successfully implemented.
The state-of-the-art of the issue of the efficiency and relevance of the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a motor fuel in the operation of dump trucks is considered. An analysis of the benefits of using LNG as a motor fuel is given. It is noted that, LNG seems to be the most promising alternative to oil types of motor fuel in the segment of open-pit truck haulage. It is affirmed that in Russia, in Kuzbass, the group of companies successfully implemented for the first time an integrated project for the production of LNG and its consumption in relation to BelAZ dump trucks. Data on the relevance and the need to develop technical requirements for on-board cryogenic fuel systems of mine dump trucks are given. Data on the developed groups of technical requirements for on-board cryogenic fuel systems of BelAZ dump trucks are given. It is said that the developed technical requirements made it possible to solve a number of tasks related to the development of circuit and design solutions for equipping BelAZ dump trucks with cryogenic systems. It is argued that the developed technical requirements will contribute to the further development of domestic projects for the production and consumption of liquefied natural gas.
The state of the issue of the underground space development rate in Russia is considered. An analysis of shortcomings of the existing tunneling equipment (tunneling shields and machines) is carried out. It is noted that a promising way of mine tunneling is screw drilling technology, the basic functional element of which is the geokhod. It is claimed that one of the key systems of the geokhod, which determines its efficiency, is transmission. It is noted that the hydraulic cylinder type transmissions implemented in practice at the present time in the form of the development prototype have both their advantages and disadvantages. This does not allow considering the hydraulic cylinder type transmission the optimal solution for its use when designing new-generation geokhod. An overview of various gearing types is made and conclusions about the prospects of using them in the geokhod transmission are drawn. It is claimed that the eccentric cycloidal gearing, according to a set of indicators, is the most suitable for its application in the geokhod transmission. Therefore, studies aimed at proving parameters of the eccentric cycloidal gearing geokhod transmission are relevant.
The state of the issue of the relevance and efficiency of the technology of using liquefied natural gas as a partial replacement of diesel fuel in mining vehicles is considered. It is argued that this technology does not require complex and time-consuming re-engineering of internal com- bustion engines, which makes it economically feasible. It is noted that liq- uefied natural gas seems to be the most promising alternative to petroleum motor fuels in heavy-duty mining dump trucks. The use of liquefied natu- ral gas as a motor fuel reduces the environmental burden; increases the energy efficiency of the rock mass hauling process and reduces fuel costs. It is said that developments aimed at substantiating and choosing design and layout solutions for the placement and arrangement of cryogenic equipment on mining vehicles are relevant. The new method for installing cryogenic fuel tanks on the deck of the BelAZ 7513 series mining dump truck with a payload capacity of 130 tons is described in detail. Layout so- lutions for the modernization of the deck of the BelAZ 7513 series dump truck allowing placing additional cryogenic equipment on its board are presented. The data presented indicate that the successful implementation of the proposed method is confirmed by the project on equipping the BelAZ 75131 mining dump truck with cryogenic onboard fuel systems, implemented in practice.
The state-of-the-art of the advantages of using liquefied natural gas as a motor fuel for haul trucks instead of oil motor fuel is considered. It is noted that the energy intensity of the process of rock mass hauling by dual-fuel (gas-diesel) haul trucks is less than that of haul trucks running on diesel only. It is argued that the most promising in relation to heavy-duty mining trucks, is the conversion of diesel engines to gas-diesel operation. The universal integrated procedure for evaluating currently used haul truck on-board cryogenic fuel systems performance is presented. The method of evaluating the “rate of replacement” of diesel fuel with liquefied natural gas, when operating haul trucks equipped with on-board cryogenic fuel systems, is described in detail. The possible sequence of per-cycle, per-ingle-shift and per-day monitoring of the rate of diesel fuel replacement with liquefied natural gas is presented. The method for evaluating the economic efficiency of the operation of high-payload-capacity haul trucks conversed to gas-diesel operation is given, which allows, among other things, determining the actual service life of on-board cryogenic fuel systems and their time to failure.
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