We address the question whether the evolution of implied volatility can be forecasted by studying a number of European and U.S. implied volatility indices. Both point and interval forecasts are formed by alternative model specifications. The statistical and economic significance of these forecasts is examined. The latter is assessed by trading strategies in the recently inaugurated CBOE volatility futures markets. Predictable patterns are detected from a statistical point of view. However, these are not economically significant since no abnormal profits can be attained. Hence, the hypothesis that the volatility futures markets are efficient cannot be rejected.JEL Classification: C53, G10, G12, G13, G14.
We revisit the question whether commodities should be included in investors' portfolios. We employ for the first time a stochastic dominance efficiency (SDE) approach to construct optimal portfolios with and without commodities and we evaluate their comparative performance. SDE circumvents the necessity to posit a specific utility function to describe investor's preferences and it does not impose distributional assumptions on asset returns. We find that commodities provide diversification benefits both in-and out-of-sample. This evidence is stronger when commodity indices which mimic dynamic commodity trading strategies are used. We explain our results by documenting that commodity markets are segmented from the equity and bond markets.
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