Source: World Bank staff estimates based on the model presented in annex 5.1. Note: Extrasectoral contributions include contributions from the variables for income, education, roads, sanitation, and donor funding. Those contributions, as well as government health expenditure, are assumed to grow at 2.5 percent annually. Volatility of donor funding is assumed to be decreasing at 2.5 percent (by the end of 2015 donor funding will be one-third less volatile). Regional averages are population weighted. Source: World Bank staff estimates based on the model presented in annex 5.1. Note: Extrasectoral contributions include contributions from the variables for income, education, roads, sanitation, and donor funding. Those contributions, as well as government health expenditure, are assumed to grow at 2.5 percent annually. Volatility of donor funding is assumed to be decreasing at 2.5 percent (by the end of 2015, donor funding will be one-third less volatile). Regional averages are population weighted.
No abstract
Overview | xvii insurance for their employees. Both P.T. Askes and P.T. Jamsostek also sell private commercial policies. Three possible approaches, based on Indonesia's existing health fi nancing programs, the current policy debate, and the 2004 Social Security Law have been identifi ed as viable UC options. The three options would all result in universal coverage, and would all have suffi ciently large numbers of enrollees for eff ective risk pooling. Irrespective of the approach chosen, however, crucial decisions regarding the benefi ts package, cost sharing, payment and contracting arrangements, and modalities to address supply-side constraints need to be made. The three approaches follow: Successful implementation of the UC reform will require carefully sequenced implementation of targeted, eff ective, and fi scally sound policies. The Social Security Council and the MoH have taken important fi rst steps, but more is needed. The Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJM), the Ministry of Health's own internal planning eff orts in developing the next Rencana Strategi (Strategic Plan), or Renstra, and the potentially large and possibly unaff ordable (in the short-run because of the current global economic crisis) expenditure implications of expanding health insurance to some 76 million poor and near poor, make this an ideal time to refocus eff orts on the comprehensive set of policies needed to eff ectively implement the UC reform.
Poor countries account for 56 percent of the global disease burden but less than 2 percent of global health spending. With the global commitment to the Millennium Development Goals in 2000, poverty and the deplorable health conditions of the world's poor have finally reached center stage in the international policy arena, and aid for health has greatly increased. This paper evaluates health financing in developing countries from global- and country-level perspectives and briefly describes the types of reforms needed in the global aid architecture to make effective use of this historic opportunity to improve the plight of the world's poor.
Developing countries account for 84 percent of world population and 93 percent of the worldwide burden of disease; however, they account for only 18 percent of global income and 11 percent of global health spending. Limited resources and administrative capacity coupled with strong underlying needs for services pose serious challenges to governments in the developing world. This paper analyzes health spending, health outcomes, and health delivery system characteristics for the six developing regions of the world as well as for low-, medium-, and high-income country groupings.
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