The article discusses characteristics of internal visual images and is based on personal observations of lucid dream and hypnopompic phenomena. In the context of lucid dreaming there sometimes occur persisting bright lights that do not behave like ordinary dream images. These phenomena appear as areas of light, peripheral light, disks of light, sun-like concentrations of light, and fullness of light. These luminous phenomena remain in a fixed location in my view in spite of any dreamed body movement, may appear in different dreams in the same locations, are not truly representational, and appear to be unrelated to other dream images, visual or otherwise. These stable intense lights remain in a fixed location in relation to an area defined by keeping the head still and moving the eyes. This area is the space that is filled at times by scannable hypnopompic geometrical patterns or scannable hypnagogic complex images. Although space-filling patterns look like they extend like a dome over the eyes, a close examination shows that they have a two-dimensional flatness that reaches over the entire scannable area. The observation of these patterns as flat becomes understandable when we think of the internal image as having no distance or separation from the seeing of the image, that is, as being experienced face on at every point. The flatness of the hypnopompic pattern implies the flatness of all internal images. The experiences translates the flat image to external positions around the eyes. This translation is explained.
Scannable hypnopompic lattice imagery sometimes reaches as far as the eyes can tum. Although these lattice patterns superficially appear to curve around the viewpoint, closer examination reveals tliat the visual image is flat over the entire scannable area. Moreover the lattice imagery and subjective experience of the head are found to form a spatial whole. Certain events during lucid dreaming demonstrate that visual dream experience, like the hypnopompic lattice imagery, appears within a visual field that is mobile within a larger scannable area. From ordinary dreaming to lucid dreaming to lying awake, there is a continuity of seeing, of scanning, and of the "I" who sees. The concepts of dream seeing, a dream body with eyes, and of an '']'' who sees in dreams are examined.
An extension of the Bethe theory for the total inelastic cross section in the Born approximation is presented and used to evaluate the total electron-loss cross section for H collisions on H and He targets at high energies. Sum rules are used to derive expressions for both the leading and the next leading order contributions to the asymptotic cross section. A comparison with the available experimental data for He targets shows good agreement with the theoretical calculation. In the case of hydrogen the calculated cross section for atomic H targets shows a clear preference for the larger values of the cross section obtained by several groups and disagrees with the conflicting lower experimental data from two other measurements. When corrections for H2 are included, this conclusion remains true for the conflicting experimental data near 10 MeV, but the calculated cross section in this case favors the lower experimental data near 1 MeV. Results are also presented for the total elastic cross section and the total nondetachment inelastic cross section. The latter is smaller than the total electron-loss cross section at intermediate energies, but exceeds it at sufficiently high energies. However, the convergence of the series generated in the Bethe theory approach for the nonloss cross section appears to be much slower than that of the electron-loss cross section.
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