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Wireless backhaul allows densification of mobile networks without incurring additional fiber deployment cost. This, in turn, leads to high spatial reuse, which is a significant tool to meet increasing wireless demand in 5G networks. Integrated access and backhaul (IAB), where access and backhaul network share the same standard wireless technology (e.g. 5G new radio (NR) standard), allows interoperability among different IAB manufacturers and flexible operation between access and backhaul. This paper investigates joint resource allocation and relay selection in a multi-hop IAB network to maximize geometric mean of UE rates. Our study illustrates several advantages and features of IAB. First, IAB significantly improves UE rates compared to access only networks and can provide an important intermediate solution during incremental fiber deployment. Second, IAB networks with optimal mesh outperforms IAB networks with RSRP based spanning tree both in terms of rate and latency.

shadows and interference. Occasionally, software parameters such as handoff thresholds and cell-power budgets are also adjusted. While hardware parameters are easily set during network installation, they are hard to change afterward. As a result, the optimization with respect to hardware parameters occurs during network planning and deployment, and it is only repeated in areas where performance problems or infrastructure upgrades are required. Since it is performed as a singular event, the optimization process is

Geofencing services deliver location-relevant information to mobile subscribers, who enter a geographic "fence" or boundary around the information's demarcation area. With Geographic Positioning System (GPS) capabilities on many phones, such services facilitate a variety of mass-market applications ranging from mobile proximity marketing to proximity-based dating. Applications delivering such services operate on top of a geofencing engine that manages location tracking of subscribers and returns triggers when fence-crossing events occur. We discuss the critical aspects of geofencing and the challenges faced when deploying such services to the mass market. We present an economically viable geofencing solution that scales to large populations and supports a high number of fences per subscriber. Through distributed processing supported by an appropriate client-server protocol, this solution optimizes the air interface usage and mobile battery power. The technical viability of our solution is supported by actual traffic data from mobile proximity marketing and a social networking service. © 2011 Alcatel-Lucent.The importance of location to mobile communications was anticipated long before the application store was conceived. In 1996, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) crafted rules for the Emergency 911 service that require mobile network operators (MNOs) in the United States to provide geographic location information for emergency calls initiated from mobile handsets [2]. Standard bodies including the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 3GPP2, and the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) then created supporting standardization for location technologies [5]. Presently, a variety of location technologies are supported. One method provides a rough IntroductionIn the last few years, the mobile industry has seen tremendous growth. Today's mobile subscribers can select from a wide range of methods to communicate through their handset. Besides traditional voice and a wide range of messaging services (short, instant, and multimedia messaging), they can engage in mobile e-mail and Web-browsing sessions. With the advent of smartphones, data plans, and application stores, a diversification has occurred in the mobile application space, which merges traditional means of communication with elements of mobility and location to create new methods of information distribution, interaction, and entertainment. location estimate based on the cell area where the handset resides. Another approach applies cell tower trilateration using round-trip delay measurements between the handset and the closest set of cell towers, resulting in higher spatial accuracy. Since the majority of handsets are equipped with Geographic Positioning System (GPS) chips, even greater accuracy is available through trilateration with satellites [4]. While GPS on many phones relies on additional information from the cellular network, referred to as assisted GPS (A-GPS), the most recent generation of smartphones supports autonomous GPS that can operate wit...