In line with the national health emergencies plan, the successes of human resource strategies during the cholera outbreak should be built upon through emergency exercises, especially in non-affected provinces. Population needs for all public health professionals involved in health emergency preparedness and response should be mapped, and planning should be implemented to increase the numbers in relevant areas. Human resource planning should be integrated with health emergency planning. It is essential to maintain and strengthen the human resource capacities and experiences gained during the cholera outbreak to ensure a more effective response to the next health emergency.
A small furniture production company has integrated lean tools and sustainability concepts with discrete event simulation modeling and analysis as well as mathematical optimization to make a positive impact on the environment, society and its own financial success. The principles of lean manufacturing that aid in the elimination of waste have helped the company meet ever increasing customer demands while preserving valuable resources for future generations. The implementation of lean and sustainable manufacturing was aided by the use of discrete event simulation and optimization to overcome deficits in lean's traditional implementation strategies. Lean and green manufacturing can have a more significant, positive impact on multiple measures of operational performance when implemented concurrently rather than separately. These ideas are demonstrated by three applications.
Health and safety (H&S) is a major concern in the construction industry. Recent and historical data from the construction industry worldwide demonstrate that the human, social, and economic burden, inflicted as a result of H&S fatalities, is still significant. Training is considered one of the main strategies to reduce H&S risks. In recent years, the use of serious games for H&S training in construction has emerged in an attempt to overcome issues associated with traditional training methods.Current research in serious games has mainly focussed on scenario-led training where trainees interact with the same environment through a pre-selected number of options in discrete sections. This approach has limitations in terms of variety and amount of skills that trainees perceive from the game. In this paper, an approach that combines serious games design with 4D (3D + time) modelling is presented and tested in terms of its influence on increasing the capability of labourers to spot hazards at different time periods during the construction process, providing them with increased immersion in the virtual training environment. The results demonstrated that a combination of serious games and 4D approaches can improve users' engagement and affect their abilities to spot H&S hazards.
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