During the tractors’ operation, they interact as a control object with dynamic loads during technological operations with climatic, operational, organizational conditions on the one hand, and technical operation on the other, i.e. machinery is influenced by operating conditions. A comprehensive, dimensionless indicator of the operating conditions of tractors in agricultural production is the level of their operation. The level of operation of the tractor is the state of their operation in the household, which is determined by the degree of implementation of technical maintenance activities of equipment and the percentage of attracting tractors in labor-intensive processes when used as intended. The theoretical level of operation of the tractor can vary from 0 to 1. At the same time, 1 corresponds to the operating state of the tractor, at which the resource consumption is minimal, i.e. the degree of implementation of generalized factors of technical operation meet the State Standard requirements and the tractor performs work with the lowest specific resistance; 0 - theoretical, corresponds to the operating state of the tractor, at which the resource consumption is maximum, i.e. technical operation of the tractor is not performed and the tractor performs works with maximum resistivity. We have determined the levels of operation of tractors and indicators of their reliability in the farms of the Republic of Tatarstan. As a result of joint mathematical processing, regularities of changes in these indicators were obtained depending on the level of operation of tractors.
The article deals with the spiral-plate working unit, configured with teeth, the cutting edge (blade) of which is made on site (curve) of the logarithmic spiral. Each helix of studied working unit (taking into account properties of a helical surface or a line) is set at an angle and lift the helix has an angle of rotation generator (i.e., the helix angle of twist). In this case, to create the motion equation of any point of the teeth’s motion, the working unit is in the spatial coordinate system 0xyz so that the origin was in his heart.
The article deals with the interaction process of blade cog of disk-shaped spring (spiral-plate working unit) with the soil. At the same time, taking into account that the intensity of the impact of blade working unit on the ground depends on the speed of its movement, with an increase of which, increases the surface tillage on depth of stroke and cutting weed roots, determined the rate of blade cog at any point, and on the basis of differentiation of its motion equations, and after some transformations, we obtain a formula for determining the cutting speed of any point of the blade cog of disk-shaped spring. We also determined the total acceleration of considering point and the analysis of dependency was carried out.
The basic technological parameters of a qualitatively new method of reinforcing blade units of tillers by method of processing electrical contact continuous flashing. We established schemes of technical execution of the strengthening process and obtained analytical dependences, determining the quantitative characteristics of the power consumption of the processing in a wide range of modes of operational and technological processes in their relationship with the thermal properties of processed materials.
The research was carried out in order to identify the optimal structural schemes of three-dimensional five- and six-link mechanisms with rotational pairs, which reproduce with the required accuracy a linear function during oscillatory and rotational motion of the output link. Spatial mechanisms, which are used as transmission and base mechanisms, make it possible to recreate the movement of the output or any working link with a given accuracy and provide the necessary rigidity, reliability and compactness of the structure. The synthesis of spatial mechanisms was carried out according to the given law of the output link. To implement oscillatory motion with working sections on the forward and reverse stroke, you can use crank-rocker five-links, in which the angles of crossing of the geometric axes of the hinges of adjacent links 4 and 5 are equal to . In a similar way, the synthesis of a spatial five-link was carried out, in which the angles of crossing the axes of the hinges of the output link α_4 and the rack α_5 are related by the dependence α_4= , by reproducing the oscillatory motion of the output balancer with the working stroke in a straight section. Optimal structural schemes of three-dimensional five- and six-link mechanisms are revealed, which reproduce with the required accuracy a linear function during the oscillatory and rotational motion of the output link. The resulting dependencies will be used to automate the optimization synthesis for the objective function of the six-link mechanism (or its five-link modification), which reproduces a linear function on a certain part of the turn of the output link with its full cranking
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