Annotation. Development of agriculture in the conditions of market relations is accompanied by aggravation of the problem of efficiency of use of machinery. In this connection, the task of scientists is to increase the actual volume of work performed by tractor units, reducing the cost per unit of production. The high cost of tractors, lack of personnel, reduction of technical equipment of farms and the increase in the volume of products produced in the agro-industrial complex, natural and climatic conditions impose special requirements on technical service to maintain tractors in working conditions. The working state of tractors is the state at which values of parameters, which characterize the ability to execute the given functions, correspond to the normativereference and design documents. During operation of tractors in agriculture under the influence of various factors their parts and units wear. The indicator determining the value of wear is the residual resource of aggregates and units. In the article, the questions of influence of residual resources of basic aggregates and systems of tractors on frequency of failures of various groups of complexity are considered. Experimental research on determination of dependencies of residual resources of tractor units and frequency of failures of different groups of complexity, on the basis of which the rules of replacement of the unit whose resource is exhausted, is carried out, i.e. is replaced with a full of the resource (new) or on the aggregate after overhaul.
Abstract. The modern stage of development of agrarian production is characterized as a transition period in market relations. In turn market relations are characterized by crisis situations, especially at the beginning of formation of structure of economic activity of enterprises of agro-industrial complex. Increase of efficiency of tractors is directly connected with estimation of their condition and development of measures on maintenance of performance of agricultural works without refusal of tractor units, and also substantiation of volume of works of the planned period, providing working State of the equipment. Technical condition and techno-economic indicators of machines in the process of operation are constantly changing. These changes are caused by constant increase of wear of machine parts, violation of dimension circuits and conditions of contact in part mates. As a result, the technique goes from working state to non-working, which is accompanied by the emergence of tractor failures of various groups of complexity. The challenge is to prevent these failures. For this purpose the technique of estimation of a condition of tractors which consists in determination of level of ability to perform works is developed. The level of ability of the tractor to perform the work-the degree of compliance of the tractor status parameters with nominal values. Experimental researches on definition of dependences of level of ability of the tractor to performance of works and indicators of their reliability on the basis of which are received permissible and limit values of levels for the basic kinds of agricultural works.
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