The structural comparison of somatic chromosomes of 13 species and one variety of Lachenalia (Liliaceae) that contained the chromosome numbers either of 2n=14 or 2n=16 (the basic chromosome numbers may be x=7 or x=8) was performed by DAPI staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using 5S rDNA and 18S rDNA probes. The five taxa which had the chromosome number of 2n=16 (x=8) displayed similar characters and close relationships to each other. Eight species and one variety which had the chromosome number of 2n=14 (x=7) showed a variety of patterns. The cases were suggested as traces of additions to the 18S rDNA region, translocations of chromosomes and hereditary exchanges among the taxa with x=7 and a taxa with x=8. It was suggested that the chromosome diversity in Lachenalia, especially in the taxa of basic chromosome number of x=7, was resulting a speciation reflected by hereditary influences between the taxa which had other patterns of chromosome structures.
We studied the effects of the type of leaf cuttings, 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) application, and the section position and orientation of leaf pieces on adventitious bud formation in leaf cuttings inserted in rockwool beds, using expanded young leaf blades of Begonia Tuberhybrida Group 'Tenella'. In BA absence, 73% of whole leaf blades with petioles formed adventitious buds, whereas none of the 2 × 1.5 cm leaf pieces did at all. The percentages of surviving and adventitious bud formation of 2 × 1.5 cm leaf pieces without petioles were 47% and 0%, respectively. When these small leaf pieces were inserted in rockwool beds containing 0.25-2 ppm BA, the percentages of surviving and adventitious bud formation were 100% and 80%, respectively. In BA presence, the percentage of adventitious bud formation became lower from the base towards the tip of the leaf, and the leaf pieces at positions 2 cm away from the leaf bases did not form adventitious buds at all. When they were placed horizontally and vertically inverted, the percentages of adventitious bud formation were 60% and 80%, respectively.
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