Potential risk of allergenic, toxic, and dietary risks from Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) has become critical issues. The transgenic soybean of United States has commonly been exported to countries around the world, including Indonesia. Unfortunately, there has not yet been any label given to packaging product of Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) including soybean grain sold in Indonesia. The aim of the study was to detect promoter of Cauliflower Mozaic Virus 35 S which potentially indicate the transgenic plants. Samples used in this research were 12 different brands of soybean sold in the 4 local markets. Screening of CaMV 35 S genes was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods using specific primers. The result indicated that positive signals detection refers to transgenic plants in the local soybean grains with the amplification area of 123 basepairs.
As part of plant breeding activities, the resistance of cultivated plants to pest attacks is one of the characteristics that must be prioritized. This research was conducted to study the type of pest and their damage intensity as the first step in the breeding program of waxy corn and black corn. The study was carried out through field survey activity on a weekly observation starting from plants aged 1 to 12 weeks old after planting. The type of pest found was identified and the damage intensity was calculated. The type of pests found consisted of grasshoppers, thrips, stem borer, earworm, and rat as well. There was no difference in population size and damage intensity of all pests in two corn varieties. The population size and damage intensity of all pests were affected by the age of corn plant because each pest was attacked at different times either when the plants were in the vegetative or generative phase or both. Generally, the damage intensity of pest is still in the mild to moderate category. A monitoring activity needs to be conducted in the subsequent activity to obtain information on the development of these potential pest species and their populations size.
Commonly, cassava could survive for a moment under drought stress. However, there are limitations to face the drought stress for the growth and productivity then affect starch synthesis. Gunungkidul is one of the biggest cassava producers in Indonesia, in meanwhile cassava production is not able to increase due to the characteristics of karst land topography and rainfed area. Tolerance of drought stress is a complex process relates to physiological and molecular responses. In molecular level, many genes revealed multi-complex responses to drought stress. One of the responsible gene assumed to correlate to drought stress is G-Box Binding Factor (GBF3). The study aims to detect the gene expression of GBF3 in local cassava cultivars of Gunungkidul under drought stress. The result revealed that at moisture levels of 50 percent and 25 percent, GBF3 (Gene Expression of G-Box Binding Factor 3) expressions are identified in the cassava cultivar Gatotkaca, which differed from the detection result of the cassava cultivar Pandesi hijau at all moisture levels. Based on the presence of phenotypic characters and gene expression, the local cultivar of Gatotkaca is assumably to be more drought tolerant than Pandesi Hijau.
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