'Dilution of 10Be in detrital quartz by earthquake-induced landslides : implications for determining denudation rates and potential to provide insights into landslide sediment dynamics.', Earth and planetary science letters., 396 . pp. 143-153. Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.epsl.2014.03.058 Publisher's copyright statement: NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A denitive version was subsequently published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 396, 2014Letters, 396, , 10.1016Letters, 396, /j.epsl.2014.058. Additional information:Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details.
Although the probability of occurrence of station internal ac grounding faults in modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based high-voltage direct-current systems is low, they may lead to severe consequences that should be considered when designing protection systems. This paper analyzes the characteristics of valve-side single-phase-toground (SPG) faults in three configurations of MMC systems. Fault responses for symmetrical monopole MMCs are first studied. Upper arm overvoltages and ac-side nonzerocrossing currents arising from SPG faults in asymmetrical and bipolar configurations are then investigated. DC grounding using an LR parallel circuit is employed to create current zero-crossings, which will enable the operation of grid-side ac circuit breakers. The theoretical analysis is verified through simulations performed in PSCAD/EMTDC, with simulation results and the theoretical analysis showing a good agreement. The studies in this paper will be valuable for the design of protection systems for station internal ac grounding faults.
The physical basis for fish schooling is examined using three-dimensional numerical simulations of a pair of swimming fish, with kinematics and geometry obtained from experimental data. Energy expenditure and efficiency are evaluated using a cost of transport function, while the effect of schooling on the stability of each swimmer is examined by probing the lateral force and the lateral and longitudinal force fluctuations. We construct full maps of the aforementioned quantities as functions of the spatial pattern of the swimming fish pair and show that both energy expenditure and stability can be invoked as possible reasons for the swimming patterns and tail-beat synchronization observed in real fish. Our results suggest that high cost of transport zones should be avoided by the fish. Wake capture may be energetically unfavorable in the absence of kinematic adjustment. We hereby hypothesize that fish may restrain from wake capturing and, instead, adopt side-to-side configuration as a conservative strategy, when the conditions of wake energy harvesting are not satisfied. To maintain a stable school configuration, compromise between propulsive efficiency and stability, as well as between school members, ought to be considered.
Traffic simulation is a crucial tool for transportation decision-making and policy development. However, achieving realistic simulations in the face of the high dimensionality and heterogeneity of traffic environments is a longstanding challenge. In this paper, we present TransWordNG, a traffic simulator that uses Data-driven algorithms and Graph Computing techniques to learn traffic dynamics from real data. The functionality and structure of TransWorldNG are introduced, which utilize a foundation model for transportation management and control. The results demonstrate that TransWorldNG can generate more realistic traffic patterns compared to traditional simulators. Additionally, TransWorldNG exhibits better scalability, as it shows linear growth in computation time as the scenario scale increases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first traffic simulator that can automatically learn traffic patterns from real-world data and efficiently generate accurate and realistic traffic environments.
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