A novel label-free electrochemical strategy for nucleic acid detection was developed by using gold electrodes coated with mesoporous silica thin films as sensing interface. The biosensing approach relies on the covalent attachment of a capture DNA probe on the surface of the silica nanopores and further hybridization with its complementary target oligonucleotide sequence, causing a diffusion hindering of an Fe(CN)6 (3-/4-) electrochemical probe through the nanochannels of the mesoporous film. This DNA-mesoporous silica thin film-modified electrodes allowed sensitive (91.7 A/M) and rapid (45 min) detection of low nanomolar levels of synthetic target DNA (25 fmol) and were successfully employed to quantify the endogenous content of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) directly in raw bacterial lysate samples without isolation or purification steps. Moreover, the 1-month stability demonstrated by these biosensing devices enables their advanced preparation and storage, as desired for practical real-life applications. Graphical abstract Mesoporous silica thin films as scaffolds for the development of novel label-free electrochemical genosensors to perform selective, sensitive and rapid detection of target oligonucleotide sequences. Application towards E. coli determination.
Although the role of dopamine D1-D2-D3 receptors in the modulation of aggression has been extensively documented, there is not information with respect to the implication of D4 receptor. The aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of L-741,741 (0.75, 1.5 and 3 mg/kg, i.p), a selective D4 receptor antagonist, on social encounters between male mice using an ethopharmacological approach. Ten min of diadic interactions were staged between a singly housed and an anosmic mouse in a neutral area. These encounters were videotaped and the accumulated time allocated by subjects to ten broad behavioral categories was estimated. Besides other behaviors, the aggressive and motor behaviors were evaluated 30 min after injection using an ethologically based analysis. L-741,741 did not affect significantly offensive behaviors (threat and attack), as compared with the control group. Likewise, motor and anxiety-related behaviors (such as social investigation, avoidance/flee or defense submission) were not altered after drug administration. These results suggest that dopamine D4 receptor is not involved in the modulation of aggressive behavior. Aggr. Behav. 29:552-557,
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.