No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Background Desmoplastic changes in a tumor have been observed to affect the tumor microenvironment, leading to both the facilitation and prevention of tumor invasiveness. Methods Between 2016 and 2020, a total of 120 patients were diagnosed with gallbladder carcinoma. The cases were reviewed for the type of desmoplastic reaction, tumor grade, and stage. The type of desmoplastic reaction was classified as mature, intermediate, and immature, and they were correlated with tumor grade and stage. Results Out of the total number of cases, 21.67%, 48.33%, 25%, and 5% belonged to stages 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. A total of 79.2% of these cases showed desmoplastic stromal reaction, and there was a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between the type of desmoplasia and tumor grade and stage. The occurrence of immature stroma was correlated with increasing tumor grade and stage, and occurrence of mature stroma was negatively correlated with increasing tumor grade and stage. Conclusion The assessment of the type of stromal desmoplastic reaction in primary gallbladder carcinoma can predict the tumor invasiveness.

INTRODUCTION-Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) is a condition commonly occurring in immunocompromised individual. It is commonly characterized by increase eosinophils and increased IgE. CASE DETAILS- A 48-year-old female presented with foul smelling discharge from right nostril and right nasal blockage for one year. A clinical diagnosis of right maxillary sinus polyp was given. CT scan revealed mucosal thickening in right maxillary wall with central area of hyper density and calcification. Nasal swabs were taken and subsequently stained with Pap and MGG stain. Smears revealed fungal hyphae and a provisional diagnosis of allergic fungal sinusitis was given. The patient was operated and the diagnosis was confirmed on histology. DISCUSSION- AFS is a relatively incompletely understood entity with characteristic clinical, radiological and histopathological finding. Fungal elements can be detected from nasal discharge by means of cytology. CONCLUSION- Nasal secretion cytology can be used as a preoperative as well as an intraoperative tool for or early rapid diagnosis of AFS.

A 34-year-old man came to the outpatient department with subcutaneous nodules in the temporal area. He did not complain of any other symptoms. Computed tomography scan revealed a nodule of 40.5 HU in the temporal region of the scalp. A possibility of an epidermal inclusion cyst was given. The lesion was excised and the biopsy revealed vasculitis with eosinophilia without giant cell formation. A final diagnosis of juvenile temporal arteritis with hypereosinophilic syndrome was given based on the clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings.

Background: Previous negative experiences (NEs) during the process of blood donation can resultin increased stress and is indicated by blood pressure and pulse rate, at a subsequent donation. Thepresent study investigated the effect of attitude and anxiety in 1st time and regular blood donorswith or without any previous NE on the pre-donation blood pressure and pulse rate. Materials andmethods: Pre-donation blood pressure and pulse rate in 1st time and regular donors weremeasured. The attitude and anxiety were evaluated using a questionnaire and the relationship with aprevious NE was assessed. Its effect on the blood pressure and pulse rate was subsequentlyevaluated. The study was a between-subjects, observational design. Results: Of the total 200donors, 165 were males. 54 donors showed signs of anxiety whereas 33 donors had a previous NE.11 donors (22.44%) who had a previous negative experience showed raised blood pressure whereas9 donors (18.36%) with a previous negative experience showed a raised pulse rate. Both effective(-0.293) and cognitive (-0.0159) attitudes were negatively correlated with anxiety and were foundto be statistically significant. Conclusion: No significant association was seen in a donor whoexperienced a negative experience in a previous visit with raised pre-donation blood pressurehowever, was significantly associated with a raised pulse rate. Moreover, anxiety and increased bloodpressure, and increased pulse rate were assessed in first-time donors and it was seen that first-timedonors especially showed raised blood pressure and pulse rate.