Combined pharmacological and adjunctive psychosocial treatments appeared to provide an improved course of illness compared to the results of previous studies. Efforts to further improve the course of illness beyond that provided by current optimal treatment regimens will require a substantial focus on both subsyndromal and syndromal depressive symptoms.
This paper presents work undertaken to integrate the future UK national Shibboleth infrastructure with the UK's National Grid Service (NGS). Our work, ShibGrid, provides both transparent authentication for portal based Grid access and a credential transformation service for users of other Grid access methods. The ShibGrid support for portal-based transparent Grid authentication is provided as a set of standards-based drop-in modules which can be used with any project portal as well as the NGS project in which they are initially deployed. The ShibGrid architecture requires no changes to the UK national Shibboleth authentication infrastructure or the NGS security infrastructure and provides access for users both with and without UK e-Science certificates.
Female gender and increased body weight explain part of the variance of this adverse effect. Both risk factors offer fresh insights into the pathophysiology of this potentially reversible and dangerous adverse effect of lithium treatment. Future research should focus on understanding the differences between the genders and between different body compositions in terms of lithium pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Wdliam t Carpenter. Jr. Therehasbeenmuch adooverthesymptomswhich Schneider considered of prime importance in the diagnosis of schizophrenia â€"¿ too much ado accord ing to Crichton. Crichton's examples are not compelling. I do not think that treatment decisions are often based solely on FRS or that falsifying the pathognomonic hypothesis means that FRS are not useful discriminants in differential diagnosis. The temporal lobe pathology question is neither settled nor central, the semantics of whether FRSs are symptoms is not very relevant, and it is not required that diagnostic indicators have prognostic signifi cance. However, Crichton's conclusions are more compelling than his arguments. So why has the emphasis on FRS not been productive? Langfeldt (1937, 1939), Eitinger et a! (1958), and Schneider (1959) gave rise to the hope that a few special psychopathologic manifestations would separate cases of true schizophrenia from schizo phrenia-likepsychoses.It was thoughtthat thusly defining a putative disease entity would result in greater homogeneity of onset, manifestations, course, and aetiopathophysiology. FRSs came to define schizophrenia in the British Glossary (1968), defined nuclear schizophrenia in CATEGO (Wing et a!, 1974), and it was even hoped that FRSs would correct the American â€oe¿ all things in excess― diagnosis of schizophrenia. Alas, all this has failed. FRSs and other defining symptoms of nuclear schizophrenia lack prognostic signifi cance (Hawk et a!, 1975; Carpenter et al, 1978; CARPENTER EF AL BI.EuI.na, E. (1950) Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenia, (3. Zinkin, Trans). New York: International Universities Press (original work published 1911).
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