BackgroundThe burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unclear in many regions of the world.ObjectivesThe GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2015 study integrated data on disease incidence, prevalence, and mortality to produce consistent, up-to-date estimates for cardiovascular burden.MethodsCVD mortality was estimated from vital registration and verbal autopsy data. CVD prevalence was estimated using modeling software and data from health surveys, prospective cohorts, health system administrative data, and registries. Years lived with disability (YLD) were estimated by multiplying prevalence by disability weights. Years of life lost (YLL) were estimated by multiplying age-specific CVD deaths by a reference life expectancy. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility.ResultsIn 2015, there were an estimated 422.7 million cases of CVD (95% uncertainty interval: 415.53 to 427.87 million cases) and 17.92 million CVD deaths (95% uncertainty interval: 17.59 to 18.28 million CVD deaths). Declines in the age-standardized CVD death rate occurred between 1990 and 2015 in all high-income and some middle-income countries. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of CVD health lost globally, as well as in each world region, followed by stroke. As SDI increased beyond 0.25, the highest CVD mortality shifted from women to men. CVD mortality decreased sharply for both sexes in countries with an SDI >0.75.ConclusionsCVDs remain a major cause of health loss for all regions of the world. Sociodemographic change over the past 25 years has been associated with dramatic declines in CVD in regions with very high SDI, but only a gradual decrease or no change in most regions. Future updates of the GBD study can be used to guide policymakers who are focused on reducing the overall burden of noncommunicable disease and achieving specific global health targets for CVD.

Background: It is widely recognized that the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) has the potential to become the core electronic information and communication system in the health care sector. Implementation of an EMR system increases efficiency and quality of health services, and Users satisfaction. Successful implementation depends on many factors, one of which is how users respond to the new system. Yet no evaluation studies have been on EMR implementation effectiveness at in Ethiopia. To evaluate the EMR implementation effectiveness in Ayder Referral Hospital. Methods:A cross sectional study design was used to assess the availability, use, and usability performance and users satisfaction level of an EMR system implemented at Ayder Referral Hospital. A sample size of 271 was calculated and simple random sampling technique was employed. Data was collected using structured, self-administered questionnaire. The Collected data was entering to SPSS version 20 and clean. Result:The majority of the participants were nurses (64%) and physicians (27%). Availability of computer with EMR installed was (91.8%), and 90.2% of respondents having good typing ability and they were inputting patient data easily. Regarding utilization of the system (94.9%) of respondents use the system daily. The usefulness of the system to obtain the result from clinical laboratory and Follow the result of particular Test was (87.5% and 86.3% respectively). The overall level of utilization dimension was 87.6%. The user satisfactions with four sub-dimension of the system like with context (66.8%), with usefulness (65.6%), with ease of learn (62.6%) and with ease of use (67.4%) of the system. Then, (65.6%) of the total respondents satisfied with overall of the system. The results of overall EMR implementation effectiveness were 73.5% which is rated as good. Conclusion:Utilization rate was high and more than half of the respondents were satisfied with the overall of using the system. At the end the overall effectiveness of EMR implementation was good. There should be improving the lower dimensions such as available more computers in all sites, users support and arrange refreshment training.

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