Expansive soil is prone to large volume changes (swelling and shrinking) that are directly related to changes in moisture. So the low bearing strength and high compressibility behavior of soil can cause severe damage to subgrade. In this research the enumeration of the strength of soil by adding different types of ground improvement materials like as fly ash and bagasse ash in order to overcome such type of damages. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test to determine the stability of subgrade soil by adding fly-ash and bagasse ash separately at different percentages. The objective of this paper is to study the combined effects of Fly Ash and Bagasse Ash on Maximum Dry Density (MDD), Optimum Moisture Content (OMC), Soaked CBR and Swelling pressure of expansive soil. The effects of molding water content and compaction delay, on soaked CBR of both Ashes stabilized expansive soil have also been studied. CBR tests were performed with fly-ash and bagasse ash separately at different percentage variations with the increment of 2.5% by weight in order to find out which one is most suitable for stabilization of subgrade material. The results show that initially the optimum moisture content (OMC) of soil is 13.5% and for addition of fly ash and bagasse ash separately up to 12.5% it has become in increase up to 19.1% and 15.26% respectively. Initially the CBR value of soil is 6.63%. For addition of bagasse ash up to 10% the CBR value of soil has become in increase up to 13.87% and after then for addition of 12.5% bagasse ash it has become in decrease 13.42%. For fly ash the CBR value for 10% is 15.11%, which is larger than the bagasse ash.
Post occupancy evaluation of housing reconstruction after a disaster is imperative for every nation that pushes ahead the idea of resilient housing, which is obligatory for the social, cultural, and economic growth of a society or a country. Cyclone SIDR is the most dreadful of all catastrophes that have struck Bangladesh and aftermath of this catastrophe, a number of donor organizations stepped up to help victims by providing housing solutions. The aim of this study is to effectiveness analysis of the housing reconstruction programs from planning and construction standpoints with a post occupancy framework. Based on three months of detailed field survey at the mostly devastated location of cyclone SIDR, Southkhali Union (small rural area) of Sarankhola Upazila (sub-district) of Bagerhat District, this research infers that the donor organizations didn’t pay much attention in terms of choice, need and decision-making role to provide reconstructed houses for the target beneficiaries. The study found that about 78% of the reconstructed houses hold dissatisfaction of the beneficiaries. As a result, people prompt to transform or modify 54% of the ‘Donor Driven’ houses according to their choice and need soon after completion of the project. Another 16% donor driven house remained abandoned and rest 8% demolished. On the other hand, owner driven houses are functionally perfect, affordable, use locally available natural materials with resilient planning and construction features which reduces disaster vulnerability and sustains for long time in comparison with donor driven houses.
Bituminous mixes for flexible pavement construction are most commonly used all over the world. Mainly aggregate, sand, bitumen etc. are used for pavement construction. In this investigation an attempt is made to study the properties of bituminous pavement materials by the partial replacement of spent foundry sand as fine aggregate with an increment of 10%. Foundry sand is a high quality silica sand that is used to form molds for ferrous (iron and steel) and nonferrous (copper, aluminum, brass etc.) metal castings. Metal casting industries use huge quantity of foundry sand every year and disposed them after being used. This industrial waste occupies large amount of space of the land. If this sand can be utilized in pavement construction, the disposal and pollution problem can be minimized. The main objective of this study is to determine sufficient bitumen content and mix stability to ensure a durable and cost effective pavement after being partial replacement of foundry sand. The proposed mix design will be conducted in accordance with Marshall Mix design. After performing the experimental investigation it is found that for 30% replacement of waste foundry sand provide superior field performance and better stability than the conventional mixes.
Post occupancy evaluation of housing reconstruction after a disaster is imperative for every nation that pushes ahead the idea of resilient housing, which is obligatory for the social, cultural, and economic growth of a society or a country. Cyclone SIDR is the most dreadful of all catastrophes that have struck Bangladesh and aftermath of this catastrophe, a number of donor organizations stepped up to help victims by providing housing solutions. The aim of this study is to effectiveness analysis of the housing reconstruction programs from planning and construction standpoints with a post occupancy framework. Based on three months of detailed field survey at the mostly devastated location of cyclone SIDR, Southkhali Union (small rural area) of Sarankhola Upazila (sub-district) of Bagerhat District, this research infers that the donor organizations didn’t pay much attention in terms of choice, need and decision-making role to provide reconstructed houses for the target beneficiaries. The study found that about 78% of the reconstructed houses hold dissatisfaction of the beneficiaries. As a result, people prompt to transform or modify 54% of the ‘Donor Driven’ houses according to their choice and need soon after completion of the project. Another 16% donor driven house remained abandoned and rest 8% demolished. On the other hand, owner driven houses are functionally perfect, affordable, use locally available natural materials with resilient planning and construction features which reduces disaster vulnerability and sustains for long time in comparison with donor driven houses.
Thinking resiliency in terms of housing features for post disaster housing reconstruction (PDHR) is a paramount initiative after a disaster. Therefore, the aim of this research is to ascertain the demands of the disaster victims and propose a wind-resistant, resilient housing prototype that would be affordable. Based on a three-month survey of the region severely damaged by Cyclone SIDR in Bangladesh, this research argues that PDHR’s planning features are significantly short of the victims’ choice, need, and demand, forcing them to quickly modify or transform the reconstructed houses. Based on the survey, a prototype covering an area of 37.21 sq. m (400 sq. ft) with a hybrid construction technique and a cost model are proposed that will be a resilient solution against cyclones and other natural hazards. Additionally, the proposed house was modeled using finite elements, and its findings are within the International Building Code’s allowable limits. In conclusion, this paper proposes some guidelines to strengthen Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) that would enable to build a resilient housing society in the disaster-prone areas.
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