In Ayurveda, the broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders is discussed under Unmada. The affected person has a hampered higher mental function and distorted perception of reality. Among the various herbal and herbo-mineral preparations explained for the treatment of Unmada, majority are made of Ghrita (cow's ghee/clarified butter). Ghrita, the best drug of oleation, assimilates the properties of the substance which accompanies it. Ghrita is capable of treating the disease as a single drug and in combination with several nootropic and mood stabilizing drugs. Ghrita opposes each of the etiology of Unmada at the level of constitution, diet and lifestyle. It is supposed to attenuate each stage of pathogenesis of the disease. It enhances the quality of diet. The anti-oxidant property of clarified butter is able to repair the degenerative changes in brain. The DHA, an omega 3 long chain poly unsaturated fatty acid is abundant in ghee which is seen in retinal and brain cells. The chemical changes in the brain due to the disorder are also corrected by the ghee. So Ghrita and its various combinations can be the appropriate medicine in diseases where higher mental functions and psyche is grossly impaired.
Masi Kalpana is a therapeutic dosage form mentioned in Ayurveda Pharmaceutics. It is used for internal and external administration in various ailments. It is a medicinal form where plant and animal origin drugs are subjected to heat treatment by which it turns into a carbonized form useful in therapeutics. Its use in clinical practice is also elusive. A few research works have been carried in Pharmaceutical aspect but its therapeutic utility needs to be proved.
Rasashastra and Bhaishajya kalpana is the science that deals with Ayurveda pharmaceutics. Various literature of rasashastra is available, one such treatise is Rasa Tarangini that deals with the description of different rasa dravyas. At the end of the chapters is an annexure mentioned. An interesting fact is that many simple and unique formulations are described in this part that is indicated in various disorders. Among which eight formulations are mentioned for the management of animate poisons. A literary review suggests that most of these formulations are a combination of herbo-mineral drugs that are very simple. These mineral drugs mentioned have anti-poisonous action and the herbs are alexiteric.
Agada Tantra is a branch of Ayurveda that deals with various poisons, signs and symptoms and the management of poisons of various origins. For the management of poisons various drugs and formulations have been described. One among the vishaghna drugs is Shirisha that is mentioned to be best among the vishaghna dravyas. Many formulations of Shirisha in different modes of administration have been mentioned in the management of various poisons in bruhatrayees (treatises of Ayurveda). Shirisha yogas are mentioned for both internal administration and also for external applications as lepa, etc. This review is an attempt to explore the number of yogas mentioned in visha chikitsa which contains shirisha as the main ingredient.
Visha bilwadi gutika is explained in Kriya kaumadi, a Malayalam book by Kuttikrishna menon. It contains all ingredients similar to Bilvadi gutika, with addition of neelini (Indigofera tinctoria), eshvari (Aristalochia indica) and pada (Cyclea peltata). This formulation is mainly indicated in darvikara visha (cobra bite). Most of drugs of Visha bilwadi agada has ushna veerya, vataghna and kaphghna property. By these properties the drug visha bilwadi agada may give relief in various signs and symptoms produced due to visha like swelling, itching and urticarial actions. Most of the drug having antiinflammatory, analgesic, cardio protective and neuro protective activity. These actions are needed in case of envenomation. The hrudya and vishagna properties of the drugs reduce the signs and symptoms of venomous bite. Various studies have proved that some drugs have ante venom activity also. The main objective of this review article is to discuss the different pharmacological properties of its contents with respect to cobra bite.
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