If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractPurpose -Although the branding literature emerged during the 1940s, research relating to tourism destination branding has only gained momentum since the late 1990s. There remains a lack of theory in particular that addresses the measurement of the effectiveness of destination branding over time. The purpose of this paper is to test the effectiveness of a model of consumer-based brand equity (CBBE) for a country destination. Design/methodology/approach -A model of CBBE was adapted from the marketing literature and applied to a nation context. The model was tested by using structural equation modelling with data from a large Chilean sample (n ¼ 845) comprising a mix of previous visitors and non-visitors. The model fits the data well. Findings -The paper reports the results of an investigation into brand equity for Australia as a long-haul destination in an emerging market. The research took place just before the launch of the nation's fourth new brand campaign in six years. The results indicate Australia is a well-known but not compelling destination brand for tourists in Chile, which reflects the lower priority the South American market has been given by the national tourism office. Practical implications -The paper suggested that CBBE measures could be analysed at various points in time to track any strengthening or weakening of market perceptions in relation to brand objectives. A standard CBBE instrument could provide long-term effectiveness performance measures regardless of changes in destination marketing organisation staff, advertising agency, other stakeholders and budget. Originality/value -The paper contributes to the nation-branding literature by being one of the first to test the efficacy of a model of CBBE for a tourism destination brand.

No abstract

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review, critique and develop a research agenda for the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM). The model was introduced by Petty and Cacioppo over three decades ago and has been modified, revised and extended. Given modern communication contexts, it is appropriate to question the model’s validity and relevance. Design/methodology/approach – The authors develop a conceptual approach, based on a fully comprehensive and extensive review and critique of ELM and its development since its inception. Findings – This paper focuses on major issues concerning the ELM. These include model assumptions and its descriptive nature; continuum questions, multi-channel processing and mediating variables before turning to the need to replicate the ELM and to offer recommendations for its future development. Research limitations/implications – This paper offers a series of questions in terms of research implications. These include whether ELM could or should be replicated, its extension, a greater conceptualization of argument quality, an explanation of movement along the continuum and between central and peripheral routes to persuasion, or to use new methodologies and technologies to help better understanding consume thinking and behaviour? All these relate to the current need to explore the relevance of ELM in a more modern context. Practical implications – It is time to question the validity and relevance of the ELM. The diversity of on- and off-line media options and the variants of consumer choice raise significant issues. Originality/value – While the ELM model continues to be widely cited and taught as one of the major cornerstones of persuasion, questions are raised concerning its relevance and validity in 21st century communication contexts.

No abstract

The Inside-Out approach used in this paper describes the implied educators' perceptions of IMC. From an analysis of 87 IMC course syllabi from six countries and in-depth challenge. This is a particular challenge to the scholars and teachers, who are charged with the responsibility of encouraging best practices, presenting the most current and relevant applications and research approaches and including the most current theory in their course delivery.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the inter-relationships between peoples’ perceptions of the attributes of leftover food and how they lead to higher-order values in relation to food waste. Design/methodology/approach The method involved an online, text-based, qualitative survey of 112 panel members from a market research firm. The data were examined using thematic analysis and framed using a means-end approach. Findings Findings show that leftover foods take on both positive and negative attributes and benefits, as shown in four themes—tasty foods, dangerous foods, images of spoiling and used or second-hand—leading to consequences, identified as creating time, Time to binning and repurposing. Additionally, how individuals in a household speak of themselves based on their higher-order values, termed as states of being, can determine whether such foods are repurposed or consigned to the bin. These states of being are reflected in the three themes: the responsible ones, the virtuous ones and the blameless ones. Originality/value This study provides more focussed insights on the interplay between the attributes and benefits of leftovers and how household members position themselves towards these foods, particularly in their transition to waste.

No abstract

The waste of edible food throughout the food chain is recognised as a global issue and academic research focuses on how to encourage reductions in this waste. At the consumer level, governments are investing in communication campaigns that encourage individuals to reduce the amount of edible food discarded in their home-based activities. The specific aims of this paper were to identify causes of food waste and what experts recommend for reducing the problem, to identify gaps between information provided in food waste communication campaigns and the experts recommendations, and finally to empirically identify further gaps between individuals' knowledge of food waste with a framework of the expert recommendations. In terms of findings, the literature review identified a range of causes and nine relevant expert recommendations for reducing this waste. An evaluation of a number of major consumer-focused communication campaigns available in Australia and New Zealand provided evidence that these campaigns were addressing some of the recommendations from experts. A subsequent qualitative investigation of household members' knowledge of the issues of food discard showed that individuals' understandings can be prioritised in terms of the expert recommendations and the communication messages in the campaigns. Further research is identified based on these findings.