This paper present a new architecture for a micro grid management system with batteries and ultra-capacitors (UC). The proposed architecture uses DC side cascaded PI for controlling individual hybrid energy storage system (HESS) components such as battery and UC for maintaining power balance and managing PV intermittency. The inverter control is independent of the DC side PI configuration and thus can provide easy integration to any vender specific inverters. The main advantage of the proposed architecture is that it provides independent controllability and decouples the AC side inverter thus improving flexibility. The proposed architecture is tested on a dynamic simulation platform which shows that the method can mitigate 90% of PV intermittencies.
INTRODUCTIONSurgical site infection is a disastrous adverse event both for the patient and surgeon especially after clean surgeries with the placement of a mesh in abdominal wall hernia surgeries. It increases post-operative morbidity, prolongs hospital stay and increases hospital cost. Surgical site infection is categorized broadly as nosocomial infection acquired during hospital stay. The exact source of infection is difficult to trace.1 It develops where medical and paramedical staff is in close contact with the patient at various stages of treatment. About 25-35% of these infections would be prevented by adhering to strict asepsis guidelines.
2Factors associated with surgical site infection include patient factors like co-morbid illness, age, gender, smoking, length of preoperative stay, nature of surgery and factors associated with the operating surgeon like the duration of surgery, seniority of surgeon and the placement of mesh. All these factors are because of a disturbed host-bacteria equilibrium that is in favour of the bacteria and lead to SSI. Carrying out a SSI estimation study for all surgical patients is the need of the hour but, the present study focuses on anterior abdominal wall ABSTRACT Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) are infections presents in any location along the surgical tract after a surgical procedure. Knowledge of predictive factors associated with SSI is important for planning remedial measures. Abdominal wall hernia repair is a common procedure in general surgery practice and knowing the predictors of SSI in these clean surgeries requiring placement of mesh is the aim of the present study. Methods: In a hospital based longitudinal study the subjects were diagnosed cases of anterior abdominal wall hernias undergoing planned or emergency surgeries. Patients of either gender and age group of 18 to 80 years were included in the study. Patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia repair were excluded. The study factors were patient and the surgeon related factors like laboratory parameters, surgeon experience etc. The outcome was SSI assessed with up to 30 days post-operative follow up. Results: Total 198 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 42.49±15.72 years and male preponderance. Overall SSI rate was 9.09% and in planned cases it was 7.07% and 50% in emergency cases. Pre-operative hospital stays of >5 days was the only patient factor associated with increased risk of SSI (p=0.0004) and operating surgeon's experience was associated with increased risk if SSI i.e. cases operated by junior surgeons had a higher risk of SSI (p=0.013).
Conclusions:The only modifiable factor associated with SSI was pre-operative hospital stay of >5 days while high incidence of SSI with junior surgeons cannot be modified in a teaching institute.
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