Since the initial outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), extensive research has emerged from across the globe to understand the pathophysiology of this novel coronavirus. Transmission of this virus is a subject of particular interest as researchers work to understand which protective and preventative measures are most effective. Despite the well understood model of aerosol-respiratory mediated transmission, the exact mechanism underlying the inoculation, infection and spread of COVID-19 is currently unknown. Given anatomical positioning and near constant exposure to aerosolized pathogens, the eye may be a possible gateway for COVID-19 infection. This critical review explores the possibility of an ocular-systemic or ocular–nasal–pulmonic pathway of COVID-19 infection and includes novel insights into the possible immunological mechanisms leading to cytokine surge.

Nonpuerperal uterine inversion is a rare clinical condition that involves prolapse of the uterine fundus into the uterine cavity and vaginal vault and possibly passed the introitus. The majority of these cases commonly involve benign tumors such as leiomyoma. However, another common cause of nonpuerperal uterine inversion is due to malignancies such as sarcomas. Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy of soft tissue cells that are common in children and rare in adults. One subtype called embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is exceptionally rare. Therefore, report of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma-induced uterine inversion is an exceedingly scarce and rarely documented clinical condition. In this case report, we present a rare case of a nulliparous 27-year-old female who presented with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma-induced uterine inversion.

A 65-year-old African American man initially presented to the emergency department complaining of headaches, retro-orbital pressure, decreased vision, white flashes and floaters, and palinopsia of both eyes. After complete evaluation, he was diagnosed with migraine with aura and discharged to home with an ophthalmology follow-up. Upon follow-up with the ophthalmology team, he had developed severe periorbital inflammation, proptosis, chemosis, and vision loss that was greatest on the left side. The patient was immediately hospitalized for further evaluation and steroid treatment. His vision, ocular symptoms, and physical findings dramatically and rapidly improved with a 3-day course of high-dose intravenous steroids. Existing literature is sparse on rapid loss and recovery of vision following steroid treatment for orbital myositis. The exact mechanism of vision loss in orbital myositis is not understood and merits further investigation. Orbital myositis is a subset of nonspecific orbital inflammatory syndrome. It remains a poorly understood condition that mimics other, more common conditions such as thyroid eye disease and orbital cellulitis. If left untreated, orbital myositis could progress to the point of continued inflammation, enlargement of ocular tissues, ocular ischemia, and optic neuritis. To reverse these symptoms and prevent further progression, a quick diagnosis followed by steroid treatment is imperative.