Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is benign pathology but an alarming symptom to the patients and his/her relatives because of purple discoloration of urine in collecting bag and tubing. Colour of the urine is purple because of tryptophan metabolite named Indigo and Indirubin. In urinary tract infection, sulphatase and phosphatase producing bacteria involved in pathogenesis of PUBS. Here, we discuss a case of 60 year male patient with spinal cord injury with neurogenic bladder presented in surgical emergency with purple colour urine in urobag.
Keywords:Granulomatous mastitis, AFB, Mastectomy, Tuberculosis breast,
ABSTRACTIdiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a rare chronic inflammatory lesion of breast which presents as a spectrum of diseases and is diagnosed only histological. It is often a diagnosis of exclusion in most of the cases. Medical and surgical treatments have been tried with varied success rates and till today no standard protocol could be made in its management though excision remains the treatment of choice in refractory cases which is associated with morbidity more due to psychological factors. In the present case, medical treatment was tried in the initial phase followed by wide excision.
OBJECTIVETo study the clinical profile of dibetic foot ulcers of patients attending surgical OPD in rural medical college.
MATERIAL AND METHODSClinical profile of 40 patients of diabetic foot ulcers was studied. All the patients were subjected to complete haemogram, fasting and PP blood sugar, LFT, KFT, lipid profile, urine R/E, pus c/s, colour doppler of lower limb and x-ray foot.
RESULTSMajority of patients with diabetic foot ulcers were of age group 41-70, male, diabetes mellitus of duration more than 6 years, had intermittent claudication and single ulcer.
KEYWORDSDiabetes, Foot, Ulcer.
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INTRODUCTIONDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder associated with longterm vascular and neurological complications. Diabetic foot is one of the common complications of diabetes affecting the quality of life of patients; 20% of total diabetic population have foot problems. Foot ulcers occur in 5%-10% of all diabetic patients and upto 3% will have lower limb amputations during their lifetime. The overall risk for amputation is increased in diabetics 15 times beyond that for non-diabetic people. 1 Diabetic foot is the end point of neuropathy and PVD and amputation is the end point of diabetic foot. In India the reported incidence is 2%-29%. 2,3,4 Foot ulcers are cutaneous erosions characterised by a loss of epithelium that extends into or through the dermis to deeper tissues. Minor trauma often footwear related has been reported as the most frequent event leading to lower extremity ulcer and subsequent amputations.Despite many major advances in health care delivery to patients with diabetes, foot problems contiue to extract a heavy toll on the quality of life of diabetic patients. The high morbidity and mortality, loss of working hours, expenditure associated with diabetic foot problems necessitate the need for a prompt and proper approach to foot ulcer management.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is regarded/considered as the gold standard treatment for symptomatic gall stone disease. Beside the advantages of decreased postoperative pain, better cosmetic results, decreased length of hospital stay, early return to work and decreased total hospital cost; the procedure is also associated with a definitive learning curve. There are many preoperative factors that can predict a difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy which includes both clinical (Increasing age, male sex, history of acute pancreatitis) and ultrasonological factors (Contracted gall bladder, thickened gall bladder wall, impacted stone at neck of gall bladder). In today ' s world due to sedentary life style we are coming across patients with higher BMI even in socioeconomically weaker class which is a constrain in a successful laparoscopic surgery. We studied the correlation of Body Mass Index (BMI) with performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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