Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia), a medicinal herb, contains several bioactives having immunomodulatory properties and various health benefits. In this study, giloy stem extract was derived using ultrasound process followed by screening of secondary metabolites and bioactives. Box–Behnken design coupled with RSM was employed for the optimization of yield, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of GSE with respect to solvent‐to‐solid (SS) ratio, sonication time (ST), and ultrasound amplitude (UA). The UA, ST and their interaction effects had significantly influenced the green extract yield and quality. The optimum extractions conditions were found to be 30% (UA), 10:1 (SS ratio), and 30 min (ST). The optimum responses were obtained as follows: extract yield: 9.614 ± 0.015%, TPC: 100.04 ± 0.133 (mg GAE/100 g extract), and DPPH % inhibition: 78.8523 ± 0.399%. Screening of optimized extract through HR‐LCMS‐QTOF reported the presence of major polyphenols such as malic acid, catechin, and quercitrin with a match factor of 99.23%, 98.65%, and 90.58%, respectively.
Practical applications
Giloy (T. cordifolia) is a potential source of bioactive compounds with significant medicinal properties and chemical stability. Recent trends suggest paradigm shift toward research and development of active food from the herbal plant for special purposes such as supplements, functional food, nutraceuticals, or medicine. Thus, non‐thermal extraction and characterization of extract for screening along with higher retention of bioactive from herbal plants such as giloy and its utilization becomes a crucial part of any industry. In this regard, the present study on ultrasound extraction is the way ahead due to high bioactive retention and the cost implications of the process.
Natural colorants/pigments are nowadays gaining popularity due to increased consumer awareness and severe health problems caused by the use of synthetic pigments. The efficient extraction of natural pigments from different plant sources leads to their effective application as substitutes for synthetic pigments in the food processing sector. In the present review, authors discussed the mechanistic approach of a novel ultrasonication technique in the extraction of natural color pigments having potential bio-functional characteristics leading to numerous health benefits. The recent advancements in the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of plant pigments including anthocyanins, betalains, carotenoids, and chlorophyll were explored. The most significant observations were that the extraction efficiency improved due to the phenomenon of cavitation, low installation and maintenance costs, and reduced energy requirement. Further, the optimum extraction conditions, stability, and bioaccessibility of the pigment compound significantly impact the process parameters.Moreover, recent progress in enhancing the performance of the UAE technique was addressed.
Practical applicationsUltrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is an effective way to improve the recovery of natural pigments from plants. Ultrasound treatment is a novel green extraction technology that offers a wide range of benefits. The present review conveys a better understanding of UAE mechanisms and optimum conditions of extracted pigments from different plant sources for their effective use as a natural colorant in food applications on an industrial scale.
Lupin, an arid pulse, is gaining popularity as a super food due to its superior nutritional properties. However, it has not been considered for large scale thermal processing, e.g., canning. The present work evaluated the best time/temperature combination to hydrate lupins for canning with minimum losses of bioactive nutrients, pre-biotic fibre, and total solids during hydration. The two lupin species showed a sigmoidal hydration behaviour, which was adequately modelled by the Weibull distribution. The effective diffusivity, Deff, increased from 7.41 × 10−11 to 2.08 × 10−10 m2/s for L. albus and 1.75 × 10−10 to 1.02 × 10−9 m2/s for L. angustifolius with increasing temperature, namely, from 25 °C to 85 °C. The lag phase decreased from 145 min to 56 min in L. albus and 61 min to 28 min in L. angustifolius. However, based on the effective hydration rate, reaching the equilibrium moisture, minimum loss of the solids, and prebiotic fibre and phytochemicals, 200 min hydration at 65 °C can be regarded as the optimum temperature of hydration. The findings are thus relevant for designing the hydration protocol to achieve the maximum equilibrium moisture content and yield with the minimum loss of solids (phytochemicals and prebiotic fibres) for L. albus and L. angustifolius.
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