<p class="TTPAbstract">Hydroxy Gas (HHO) has been identified as an efficient alternative energy source. HHO is considered an alternative fuel. It can be applied alone or mixed with other kind of fuels in different ratios. In this analysis, the composition of HHO-ethanol was mixed in different variations. Ethanol-HHO was chosen because of its high-octane rating yet low exhaust emissions, and ease of obtaining from engine products. It has been applied on fuel prepared by mixing it with gasoline in various ratios (E30-HHO, E40-HHO, and E50-HHO). The ethanol-HHO mixture has been used in a single-cylinder 4-stroke spark machine for performance, by varying speed of engine from 4000 to 9000 RPM and by applying a platinum spark plug electrode type. In experiments, engine power, average effective pressure (MEP), specific fuel consumption (SFC), and thermal efficiency have been analyzed. The analysis of combustion is accomplished by taking a pressure cycle in the chamber, monitoring the automatic control of engine control unit (ECU) and ensuring utilization in the same parameters of the various fuels tested, in addition to the fuel injection time, which increases with increasing ethanol percentage. Optimal power, MEP and thermal efficiency values are obtained with ethanol-gasoline (E50-HHO) mixture which is operated at 7200 rpm, an increase of about 5% compared to gasoline. Significant reduction in SFC was observed using HHO-ethanol mixture, reduced by about 6% compared to gasoline.</p>
In this study, the effect of the tool-tip radius and cutting process parameters on the quality of the machining process experimentally on the use of SKD 11 tool steel material. Several radius (0.80 mm, 1.20 mm, 1.60 mm) and the parameters of the cutting process, specifically feed rate, cutting speed, and depth of cut. The ANOVA method used in this study aims to analyze the cutting process parameters on the surface quality of the workpiece and the cutting force. The analysis of this research results in certain conditions in which the feed rate significantly affects surface quality. However, this is contrary to the depth of cut parameter, which affects the cutting force. This study also observed the effect of the tooltip radius on the optimal surface quality when using a 0.80 mm radius. The second-order regression modeling used in this analysis shows a very good level of accuracy, with the correlation value of accuracy ranging from 96% to 98%.
The solar energy that reaches the earth in one hour is sufficient to meet the energy needs of all humans on the earth's surface in one year, reason enough to spur the maximization of solar energy like renewable energy, especially by converting it into electricity by cell devices/solar panels. To get the maximum output of solar cell panel energy by optimizing the direction of the solar cell panels to the sun. The solution is to design a tracking system that adjusts the position of the solar cell panels automatically following the sun based on Arduino Uno R3. The method used is to compare the two solar cell panels using the Arduino Uno R3. tracking system and solar cell panels without a tracking system. From the two measurement results in the morning to afternoon, it was found that the panel using the tracking system had a total power output of 104.3364 Watt and the panel without a tracking system had a total power output of 43.05094 Watt, so from the results of the most optimal measurement, the panel using the tracking system. It can be seen in measurements from 09.30 WIB to 16.30 WIB solar cell panels using a tracking system produce greater energy output than solar cell panels without a tracking system, an increase in the power output compared to panels.
Biofuels include energy-enriched chemicals produced directly through biological processes or derived from the chemical conversion of the biomass of previously living organisms. Biofuels can be classified into two categories: primary and secondary biofuels. The main biofuels are produced directly from burning woody plant material or cellulose and dry animal dung. Secondary biofuels can be classified into three generations, and each is produced indirectly from plant and animal materials. The first-generation biofuel is ethanol derived from starch-rich food crops or biodiesel, extracted from animal fat wastes such as cooking oil. The second generation is bioethanol derived from non-food cellulosic biomass and biodiesel derived from oil-rich plant seeds such as soybean or jatropha. The third generation is a biofuel produced from cyanobacteria, microalgae, and other microbes, which is the most promising approach to meet global energy demand. This community service aims to explain innovation and provide knowledge to technology players, namely technicians, operators, supervisors, and workshop supervisors, about the use of alternative fuels of sesame oil for small-capacity automatic gasoline engines. The counseling results show that the performance and exhaust gas results are optimal so that the technology actors know the quality and quantity of the alternative energy.
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