Seedlings of Atriplex hortensis were studied to ascertain; 1) in which organ the primary thickening meristem (PTM) first differentiates; 2) the direction of differentiation of the PTM, and 3) the pattern of differentiation of conjunctive tissue. The PTM initially differentiates in pericycle of the primary root base 11 days after emergence of the primary root. It then differentiates in the transition region of the hypocotyl, mostly in cells of pericycle between pairs of vascular bundles. In the upper hypocotyl, PTM differentiates by day 20 in the inner layer of cortical parenchyma. In the epicotyl, PTM apparently differentiates in the inner layer of cortex, by day 24. Desmogic xylem differentiates from radial files of internal conjunctive tissue cells and desmogic phloem differentiates opposite desmogic xylem strands from newly formed cells of external conjunctive tissue. No interfascicular cambium differentiates in the root, hypocotyl, or epicotyl.
Typically, a large proportion of soybean flowers produced, abscise before reaching maturity. Estimates as high as 57 to 82% abscission have been reported for determinate varieties (23, 27), and 32 to 65% for indeterminate types (23).Soybean floral abscission may be either stimulated or reduced by environmental factors. Nutrient deficiency (2), high temperatures, (24), long photoperiods (2, 24) and reduced light intensity (9, 15, 24) stimulate abscission, while increasing the available N (2) and CO2 during flowering (7) (13) in studies of partitioning to rose shoot buds.ABA has been reported to be related to abscission of various plant structures (1). However, recent evidence suggests a role of ABA in the partitioning of photoassimilates to developing fruit and seeds. A positive relationship between exogenously applied ABA and sink activity has been shown in both wheat (6) and barley (22). In peas (3) and soybeans (16), a positive relationship was observed between seed growth rate and ABA concentration. ABA stimulated in vitro sucrose uptake by isolated soybean cotyledons (16) and sugar beet root discs (14). Decreased reproductive abscission in soybean in response to light was shown to be associated with increased partitioning of recently fixed carbon to the reproductive structures (8); in addition, carbon partitioning was greater in flowers destined to set pods than in flowers destined to abscise (4).The association of pod set with carbon partitioning (4, 9), and of carbon partitioning with ABA (3,6,16), suggests that there may be a positive relationship between pod set and ABA concentration of the flower. The objectives of this study were to determine: (a) if shading of individual reproductive structures has an effect on their endogenous ABA levels, (b) if shading of reproductive structures has an effect on ABA catabolism, and (c) if shading has an effect on partitioning of ABA and photoassimilates from leaves to reproductive structures. MATERIALS AND METHODSPlant Material. The semideterminate soybean genotype IX93-100 was grown in four completely randomized blocks in the field at St. Paul, MN in the summer of 1983. This genotype was selected for its relatively long racemes, allowing for easy determination of anthesis date, growth, development, and abscission of individual flowers. Seeds of IX93-100 were donated by C. D. Dybing, USDA-ARS, Brookings, SD.IX93-100 was selected from crosses made by D. E. Green, Iowa State University, of A71-5558-1 and L61-344, a semideter-
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