The relation between inflation, M1 money, and real GDP in Mexico is examined using annual data from 1944 to 1991. When investigating the relation between changes in inflation and real GDP growth it is found that it is important to separate the changes in inflation into predictable and unpredictable components. Predictable increases in differenced inflation are found to have a significant, negative effect on real GDP growth. Unpredictable increases in differenced inflation are found to have a significant, positive effect on real GDP growth. In contrast, changes in M1 growth fail to Granger-cause real GDP growth even when the changes in money growth are divided into predictable and unpredictable components.
This paper examines whether the CPI and real GDP for the U.S. exhibit nonlinear reversion to trend as recently concluded by Beechey and Österholm [Beechey, M. and Österholm, P., 2008. Revisiting the uncertain unit root in GDP and CPI: testing for nonlinear trend reversion. Economics Letters 100, 221-223]. The wild bootstrap is used to correct for non-normality and heteroscedasticity in a nonlinear unit root test. Test results are found to be sensitive to the sample period examined.
Empleamos una serie de datos no explotados anteriormente para calcular el tipo de cambio real respecto al dólar para México durante 1930.01-1960.12 a fin de probarla paridad de poder de compra (PPC). Los resultados iniciales de la prueba de Dickey-Fuller aumentada (DFA) muestran un débil apoyo para la PPC. La prueba de Kapetanios, Shin, and Snell (KSS), con otra hipótesis de reversión no lineal a la media, muestra bastante apoyo para la PPC. Sin embargo, encontramos que los residuos de estas pruebas presentan no normalidad o heteroscedasticidad. Usandoel enfoque de wild bootstrap, calculamos los valores críticos de la distribución empírica de los residuos y reevaluamos los estadísticos de prueba empleando estos nuevos valores críticos. Concluimos que hay evidencia de ajuste no lineal a la PPC para 1930.01-1951.12, pero esta evidencia no se mantiene durante 1952.01-1960.12, el periodo de sustitución de importaciones en México.
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