Many variables have an impact upon construction time and cost overruns in Indonesia. A questionnaire survey was undertaken of project managers working on high-rise construction projects in two Indonesian cities: Jakarta and Yogyakarta. The variables identified were ranked according to their perceived importance and frequencies of occurrence. Inflationary increases in material cost, inaccurate material estimating and project complexity are the main causes of cost overruns. The predominant causes of delay are design changes, poor labour productivity and inadequate planning. Using factor analysis techniques, delay and cost overrun variables were grouped into factors, and their relationships analysed. Although Indonesia specific, the results reflect construction management problems common to developing countries.Delays, Cost Overruns, Productivity, High-rise, Indonesia,
Purpose -Construction management research (CMR) surveys frequently use questionnaires that employ "Likert-type" items, Likert-items, and Likert scales to capture respondents' self-reported attitudes. This Editorial builds substantially on earlier observations by Holt regarding the significance of appropriate questionnaire response scale design and, use of the relative importance index (RII) method to analyse those data such scales yield. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach -Several RII models are examined by their application to a data set. Objectives include to contrast their practicality in use, compare outputs, highlight limitations of some models and discuss methods of RII data analysis, interrogation and interpretation. Findings -Principal messages are: all components of response scales should be carefully designed; alternative RII models can produce similar results of analysis; "simple percentage" RII models may not yield "real" percentages; the minimum rating scale integer should accurately reflect its descriptor; only rating scales offering a "0" response, or an "adjusted percentage" RII model can achieve unity; and RII outputs should be interpreted cautiously. Research limitations/implications -Uncertain application of the RII has been observed within CMR literature, so implications of the Editorial will be of direct relevance to this research community (and beyond). Originality/value -Aside from that cited above, no additional literature has been identified that specifically links RII usage to CMR.
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