Cytokeratins (CKs) are a group of 20 antigenically distinct intermediate filaments, generally confined to epithelia and their neoplasms. Immunostaining for CKs, in particular coordinate staining for CK7 and CK20, has become a useful tool in diagnostic pathology. Although studies defining CK distribution in neoplasms identify 0--7.7% of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) positive for CK20, none has described the incidence of CK20 immunopositivity in renal oncocytomas (ROs). Distinction between RCC and RO may be difficult but this distinction is clinically significant, prompting us to establish the incidence of CK20 positivity in RO. We selected fifteen surgical cases of RO from our archives and studied their immunoreactivity for CKs including CK7 and CK20; 12/15 (80%) were positive for CK20, with variation in the number of cells staining. There was also variation in the distribution of CKs within the cells, including diffuse cytoplasmic, perinuclear, and a punctate or dot-like pattern. Such punctate staining corresponds to cytoplasmic balls of intermediate filaments and has been described with CAM 5.2 in RO and CK20 in Merkel cell carcinomas. Our findings suggest that CK20 immunohistochemistry is a useful tool for distinguishing RCCs from ROs. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:919-920, 2001)
Given the high percentage of persistent rotator cuff defects, investigators have begun exploring techniques that use biologic adjuvants to recreate a biomechanically equivalent layer of connective tissue. To evaluate the efficacy of a mesenchymal stem cell, platelet-rich plasma, and dermal allograft construct, a histological comparison of native rotator cuff tissue and biologically enhanced rotator cuff tissue was performed. The evaluation indicated that this treatment modality in conjunction with an adjusted rehabilitation protocol may successfully recreate a transition zone and restore a synovial lining similar to native tissue.
copulariopsis species is a keratinolytic mold with a propensity to cause onychomycosis and rarely to cause deep tissue infection. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is the most common Scopulariopsis species seen clinically. We review 3 cases of Scopulariopsis species-induced endocarditis in the literature and present a fourth case of Scopulariopsis speciesinduced prosthetic valve endocarditis.
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